Provides an overview of the issues facing community development in Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Discusses possibilities for international cooperation across Europe in the 1990s. (SK)

Asserts that recent riots in British cities are indicators of the failure of Western community development to engage ethnic minority communities. Questions the effectiveness of efforts based on inadequate understanding of communities and cultures. Suggests that rioting may be a means of seeking decision-making voice among disempowered communities.…

Includes "Community Work in the U.K.: Reflections on the 1980s" (Miller, Bryant); "Multiplication and Divisions: Trends in Community Development in Ireland since the 1960s" (Cinneide, Walsh); "Reconstruction to Deconstruction: The Transformation of Community Work in Australia" (Meekosha; Mowbray): "Community…

The Single European Market will have serious effects on employment, production, and consumption in the United Kingdom. Of particular concern to voluntary and community organizations are the skills, gender, and racial gaps in the labor force. Organizations must develop the capacity to think and work within a European framework. (SK)

Compares social reform strategies in Britain and America. Illustrates how programs in both countries had similar difficulties, including diffusion of research findings, clarification of objectives, and political manipulation of social research. (SK)

This comparison of antipoverty strategies in Britain (Urban Programme) and the United States (War on Poverty) highlights their similar conceptions of the nature of the problem, differences in approach and implementation, and the contrasting political cultures of American community activism and British socialism. (SK)

The social inclusion emphasis of recent British policy has renewed community development efforts for capacity building and civic participation. Funding remains precarious and the independence of the community development sector be continuously asserted. (Contains 26 references.) (SK)

A study was conducted to determine whether the tenets of rural social work were applicable only to the developing countries or whether they were also meaningful in the context of other industrial nations of the West. (CT)

Oxfam is using a sustainable livelihoods framework in its antipoverty programs. Identifying assets and asset gaps illuminated gender difference in asset bases and survival strategies as well as the huge impact of the state on livelihood choices. (SK)

Reviews the major influences that have contributed to the development of radical work theory and practice in the United Kingdom. Looks at the changing political context within which community workers have operated and at their relationship to the state. (JOW)

Information and communications technologies have the potential to address community development issues, but initiatives to connect communities do not automatically ensure benefits. Social inclusion, identity, and power issues must be considered in design and implementation of initiatives. (SK)

Community auditing is an empowering process enabling communities to participate in research, identify its focus, and have ownership. Comparison with other methods shows how auditing supports real participation, not mere consultation. (SK)

A survey was conducted in 1983 of community workers in the United Kingdom to find out how many community workers there were, and who employed them, and to obtain some information on their characteristics such as training, age, sex, and ethnic background. This article reflects on the survey findings. (CT)

Describes the development of an in-service training course for social service workers in England. The course provides basic information about community work together with supervised practical experience, focusing on participative learning. (SK)