Objective: This article reports on a study of archival legal and administrative texts generated during desegregation litigation instituted during the 1970s to enforce Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The specific focus of the research was on North Carolina and actions taken by the University of North Carolina and the state's Department of…

Purpose: This research sought to determine if the gendered discourse on community college leadership has changed since Amey and Twombly published their analysis of community college literature in 1992. Argument: More women now lead 2-year colleges than ever before, and conceptions of leadership have evolved over time; but has the language used to…

Purpose: America's College Promise (ACP) is a legislative initiative introduced by President Obama to increase access to higher education, to build the economy, and to support his earlier American Graduation Initiative. This legislation has the potential to settle among the ranks of the most influential federal higher education aid and access…

Raymond J. Young (1923-2007) played a key role in the post-World War II development of community colleges in Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and elsewhere. This article describes his scholarly and professional contributions in developing "bottom-up," grassroots citizen's participatory studies that led to the establishment of 60 community…

This article--the first in the Council for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) Review Essays Series--reviews the literature concerning education-abroad opportunities for community college students. The article examines the benefits accrued to students through overseas study, briefly notes the history of education-abroad programs, and summarizes…

Many rural community colleges have long provided on-campus housing. This article profiles the availability of housing at rural community colleges in 2001-2002 and 2005-2006, examines the factors that will continue to make on-campus housing an important service at rural institutions, and draws on 2005-2006 data from the Institutional…

Community college funding formulas are tools utilized to substantiate the acquisition of funds and delineate the cost of education. This study develops a typology of community college funding formulas placing 48 states in three categories and five subcategories. (Contains 5 tables.)

The widely held myth of the low-tuition/no-tuition community college as necessary for democratization of higher education is dispelled by the author through use of empirical data on community college tuition, both in historical and contemporary contexts. An equalization of community college tuition with that of four-year colleges is not unlikely…

Presents a history of higher education in Jordan and describes the kingdom's community college system. Details the system's development and its academic programs. Summarizes major concerns, including the comprehensive exit examination, remediation, community service, and unemployment of graduates. Points to articulation as the colleges' most…

To address the teacher shortage, some states have developed special associate's degrees in teacher education. This article explores the prevalence and structure of these specialized associate's degrees and presents a case for their development to smooth the transfer pathway for community college students who wish to become teachers. (Contains 3…

Presents a four-stage model of the development of the community college, focusing on broad social, economic, and political changes. Calls these stages the Mutation (circa 1800-1920), the Empty Niche (1920-1950), Niche Expansion (1950-1975), and the Saturated Niche (1975-today). (DMM)

The history of cooperative education, which combines classroom learning with practical job experience in a structured program, is traced, and benefits accuring to the school, students, and community are outlined.

Assesses William Rainey Harper's role in the junior college movement, covering his founding of junior colleges, his plan for educational excellence, and the impact of his ideas on curriculum reform. Sees Harper's major legacy in the distinction he clarified between the curricular organization of community colleges and liberal arts colleges. (AYC)

Traces perceptions of the role of early two-year colleges, comparing the public's view of junior colleges as transfer institutions with professionals view of them as terminal institutions. Cites views of leaders of the junior college movement, faculty and staff attitudes, and popular aspirations. Updates the debate over two-year colleges' role.…

Describes the debate over how and when the community college movement spread from the Midwest to California. Presents evidence that the University of Chicago's William Rainey Harper was working in 1900 to convince three California colleges to drop their upper division and become junior colleges. Considers the role of David Starr Jordan in the…