Discusses several problems with the introspective approach to communication theory, which takes evidence of interpersonal processes and translates this evidence into corresponding internal surrogates such as self concept, attitude, and mental maps. (SR)

Examines whether delayed judgments of observed behaviors are more biased than immediate judgments. Finds that delayed judgments more closely approximate implicit theories of communicative competence. (SR)

Tests the hypothesis that listener-adapted communication (LAC) is positively related to extroversion and that this relationship is independent of differentiation. Finds that the hypothesis was supported and that differentiation did not have the strong effect on LAC reported in past research. (SR)

Shows that hiring decisions in a natural setting are affected by the temperament similarity of interviewer and applicant, supporting Keirsey's hypothesis that temperament similarity affects compatibility. Suggests that general personality and temperament may be an influential variable in a number of commonly investigated communication constructs.…

Emphasizes the importance of orality, a dimension of textual authenticity, that can influence the content, the form of a speech transcript, and the act of criticism. Demonstrates, with Martin Luther King's "I Have A Dream" speech, that incorporation of orality does not necessarily provide answers to all of the critic's questions. (SR)

Examines interaction involvement (a fundamental orientation toward the act of communicating) and nonverbal behavior. Finds that involvement relates positively to object-focused gesturing and eye gaze and negatively to body-focused gesturing and body movement. Finds no sex differences in high- and low-involved individuals' nonverbal behavior. (SR)

Investigates specific differences in self-reports of shy and not-shy individuals regarding their communication behavior: social composure, social confirmation, social experience, appropriate disclosure, articulation, and wit. Finds significant differences on social composure, articulation, and social experience. (SR)

Compares readers' and listeners' perceptions of powerless language features. Examines whether oral versions of powerless messages generate higher credibility ratings than written versions. Finds that subjects note more hesitations in writing but more hedges on tape, and that placing powerless speech in the written transcript reduces…