This article attributes the impact of Urban II's call to arms to the events and issues of the times, as well as to Urban's unique shaping of a new image of redemption for an audience saddled by guilt. The address also appears to fit a discernible pattern of war rhetoric. (JMF)

Contributes to scholarship on the role of discursive rhetoric for providing a context for visual messages. Analyzes how the American print media, in the summer of 1963, contextualized M. Browne's photographs of a Vietnamese Buddhist monk's self-immolation in two competing frames of either religious oppression or a war for freedom against the…

Claims that Vietnam War protestors were not instrumental in bringing it to an end. Contends that their rhetorical strategies may have actually harmed their cause, and that Middle Americans only became disenchanted when the oft-promised victory in Vietnam proved elusive and the casualties began to mount. (MS)