Higher education's commitment to students of color has gradually eroded because of a number of problems including the country's changing climate regarding racial issues and the persistent downturns in the U.S. economy (Allen, 1988a). The enrollment of Black students at four-year predominantly White institutions (PWIs) continues to fall short of anticipated goals and is constantly declining. This is due in part to the fact that Black students at PWIs view the campus racial climate as hostile, alienating, and culturally insensitive. Given the importance of diverse learning environments in alleviating racial tension and enhancing students' educational outcomes, it is essential to examine the impact of PWIs on Black students' college experience. This paper examines the effects of PWIs on Black students' educational experiences. Specifically, the paper provides an overview of (a) the historical plight of Black students, (b) the role of federal policies and statutes in enhancing equity and access, (c) the role of historically Black colleges and universities in expanding educational opportunities for socially oppressed groups, (d) campus racial climate, and (e) the role of student affairs practitioners in improving diversity on campus.