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ErEl, Hadas; Meiran, Nachshon – Cognition, 2011
Rule finding is an important aspect of human reasoning and flexibility. Previous studies associated rule finding "failure" with past experience with the test stimuli and stable personality traits. We additionally show that rule finding performance is severely impaired by a mindset associated with applying an instructed rule. The mindset was…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Personality Traits, Stimuli, Cognitive Processes
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Beck, Sarah R.; Apperly, Ian A.; Chappell, Jackie; Guthrie, Carlie; Cutting, Nicola – Cognition, 2011
Tool making evidences intelligent, flexible thinking. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that 4- to 7-year-olds chose a hook tool to retrieve a bucket from a tube. In Experiment 2, 3- to 5-year-olds consistently failed to innovate a simple hook tool. Eight-year-olds performed at mature levels. In contrast, making a tool following demonstration was easy…
Descriptors: Experiments, Children, Thinking Skills, Age Differences
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Song, Hyun-joo; Onishi, Kristine H.; Baillargeon, Renee; Fisher, Cynthia – Cognition, 2008
Do 18-month-olds understand that an agent's false belief can be corrected by an appropriate, though not an inappropriate, communication? In Experiment 1, infants watched a series of events involving two agents, a ball, and two containers: a box and a cup. To start, agent 1 played with the ball and then hid it in the box, while agent 2 looked on.…
Descriptors: Intervention, Infants, Cognitive Processes, Eye Movements