Engineering and teaching are among the most lopsided disciplines in academe's gender split. In 2010, women received 80 percent of the undergraduate degrees awarded in education, the U.S. Education Department reports. And they earned 77 percent of the master's and 67 percent of the doctoral degrees in that field. In engineering, by contrast, women…

Alternative-certification programs for teachers are offered in 30 states and allow public-school districts to hire as provisional teachers people without traditional undergraduate degrees in education. The purpose is to expand and diversify the pool of teachers by giving midcareer professionals and minorities incentives to become teachers. (MLW)