"Teaching practice through substitute teaching" is an educational innovation with Chinese characteristics. It is a model of aid that is effective when applied to the educational and teaching resources of the poverty-stricken regions and also serves as an important reform in the internship system of normal university students. The priority of…

This article reports the achievement of a nine-year program in which students from Xinzhou Normal College participate in semester-long substitute teaching in disadvantaged schools in a poverty-stricken area of Shanxi province. The substitute teaching, which constitutes an important part of the 411 Project by Xinzhou Normal College, takes place in…

Ever since reform, opening up, and the development of the market economy, teacher attrition has reached an alarming proportion. In Liaoning province, more than 6,300 or 50 percent of the teachers either took early retirement or changed careers between 1979 and 1985. As a result, secondary and elementary schools in some regions have not been able…