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Direct linkEmma Armstrong-Carter; Jonas G. Miller; Liam J. B. Hill; Benjamin W. Domingue – Child Development, 2021
Children raised in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at risk for low academic achievement. Identifying factors that help children from disadvantaged neighborhoods thrive is critical for reducing inequalities. We investigated whether children's prosocial behavior buffers concurrent and subsequent academic risk in disadvantaged…
Descriptors: Young Children, Prosocial Behavior, Academic Achievement, At Risk Students
Meghan McCormick; Christina Weiland; JoAnn Hsueh; Mirjana Pralica; Amanda K. Weissman; Lillie Moffett; Catherine Snow; Jason Sachs – Child Development, 2021
This study examines whether associations between enrollment in public and non-public PreK and children's (N = 508; M[subscript age] = 5.60 years in fall of kindergarten) math and language and literacy outcomes were more likely to be sustained through the spring of kindergarten for unconstrained versus constrained skills. Associations between…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Kindergarten, Language Skills, Mathematics Skills
Blakey, Emma; Matthews, Danielle; Cragg, Lucy; Buck, Jessica; Cameron, David; Higgins, Ben; Pepper, Lisa; Ridley, Ellen; Sullivan, Emma; Carroll, Daniel J. – Child Development, 2020
The socioeconomic attainment gap in mathematics starts early and increases over time. This study aimed to examine why this gap exists. Four-year-olds from diverse backgrounds were randomly allocated to a brief intervention designed to improve executive functions (N = 87) or to an active control group (N = 88). The study was preregistered and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Achievement Gap, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Skills
Dandan Yang; Yan Ge; Yiwen Sun; Penelope Collins; Susanne M. Jaeggi; Ying Xu; Zhiling Meng Shea; Mark Warschauer – Child Development, 2024
The study examined how children's self-regulation skills measured by the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and normal behavior rating are associated with story comprehension and how verbal engagement and e-book discussion prompts moderate this relation. Children aged 3-7 (N = 111, 50% female, Chinese as first language) read an interactive…
Descriptors: Self Management, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Child Behavior, Story Reading
Gonzales, Christopher R.; Fabricius, William V.; Kupfer, Anne S. – Child Development, 2018
This study assessed children's (N = 236) ability to introspect the mental states of "seeing" and "knowing" relative to their ability to attribute each state to others. Children could introspect "seeing" 10 months before they could introspect "knowing." Two- and 3-year-olds correctly reported their own…
Descriptors: Reflection, Theory of Mind, Young Children, Cognitive Development
Ngo, Chi T.; Newcombe, Nora S.; Olson, Ingrid R. – Child Development, 2019
Episodic memory relies on discriminating among similar elements of episodes. Mnemonic discrimination is relatively poor at age 4, and then improves markedly. We investigated whether motivation to encode items with fine-grain resolution would change this picture of development, using an engaging computer-administered memory task in which a bird ate…
Descriptors: Memory, Mnemonics, Cognitive Processes, Age Differences
Dodge, Kenneth A. – Child Development, 2022
Child development science has not fully realized its mission to improve population outcomes for children and eliminate disparities across race and income groups. One domain with great need but also great potential is the challenge parents face in raising a young child. A system of universal primary psychosocial care is proposed, with three…
Descriptors: Child Development, Child Rearing, Early Intervention, Family Needs
Kimura, Katherine; Gopnik, Alison – Child Development, 2019
Belief revision can occur at multiple levels of abstraction, including lower-level and higher-order beliefs. It remains unclear, however, how conflicting evidence interacts with prior beliefs to encourage higher-order belief revision. This study explores how 4- and 5-year-olds (N = 96) respond to evidence that directly conflicts with their causal…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Beliefs, Preschool Children, Young Children
Ghrear, Siba; Fung, Klint; Haddock, Taeh; Birch, Susan A. J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to make inferences about what one's peers know is critical for social interaction and communication. Three experiments (n = 309) examined the curse of knowledge, the tendency to be biased by one's knowledge when reasoning about others' knowledge, in children's estimates of their peers' knowledge. Four- to 7-year-olds were taught the…
Descriptors: Prediction, Peer Relationship, Social Cognition, Interpersonal Competence
Brinums, Melissa; Imuta, Kana; Suddendorf, Thomas – Child Development, 2018
Deliberate practice is essential for acquiring a wide range of skills that have been central to humans' adaptive success, yet little is known about when and how children develop this capability. The current study examined 4- to 7-year-olds' (N = 120) ability to selectively practice a skill that would be useful in the near future, as well as their…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Young Children, Drills (Practice), Skill Development
Willard, Aiyana K.; Busch, Justin T. A.; Cullum, Katherine A.; Letourneau, Susan M.; Sobel, David M.; Callanan, Maureen; Legare, Cristine H. – Child Development, 2019
Parents visiting a gear exhibit at a children's museum were instructed to encourage their children (N = 65; ages 4-6) to explain, explore, or engage as usual. Instructions led to different patterns of play at the exhibit: Encouragement to explain led to greater discussion of gear mechanisms, whereas encouragement to explore led to more time…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Parents, Young Children, Museums
Havron, Naomi; de Carvalho, Alex; Fiévet, Anne-Caroline; Christophe, Anne – Child Development, 2019
Adults create and update predictions about what speakers will say next. This study asks whether prediction can drive language acquisition, by testing whether 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 45) adapt to recent information when learning novel words. The study used a syntactic context which can precede both nouns and verbs to manipulate children's…
Descriptors: Prediction, Vocabulary Development, Nouns, Verbs
Rosen, Maya L.; Hagen, McKenzie P.; Lurie, Lucy A.; Miles, Zoe E.; Sheridan, Margaret A.; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; McLaughlin, Katie A. – Child Development, 2020
Executive functions (EF), including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, vary as a function of socioeconomic status (SES), with children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds having poorer performance than their higher SES peers. Using observational methods, we investigated cognitive stimulation in the home as a mechanism…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Socioeconomic Status, Socioeconomic Influences, Young Children
Shuffrey, Lauren C.; Morales, Santiago; Jacobson, Melanie H.; Bosquet Enlow, Michelle; Ghassabian, Akhgar; Margolis, Amy E.; Lucchini, Maristella; Carroll, Kecia N.; Crum, Rosa M.; Dabelea, Dana; Deutsch, Arielle; Fifer, William P.; Goldson, Brandon; Hockett, Christine W.; Mason, W. Alex; Jacobson, Lisette T.; O'Connor, Thomas G.; Pini, Nicolò; Rayport, Yael; Sania, Ayesha; Trasande, Leonardo; Wright, Rosalind J.; Lee, Seonjoo; Monk, Catherine – Child Development, 2023
This study examined the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms with externalizing, internalizing, and autism spectrum problems on the Preschool Child Behavior Checklist in 2379 children aged 4.12 ± 0.60 (48% female; 47% White, 32% Black, 15% Mixed Race, 4% Asian, <2% American…
Descriptors: Young Children, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Mothers
Bauer, Patricia J.; Larkina, Marina – Child Development, 2017
In accumulating knowledge, direct modes of learning are complemented by productive processes, including self-generation based on integration of separate episodes. Effects of the number of potentially relevant episodes on integration were examined in 4- to 8-year-olds (N = 121; racially/ethnically heterogeneous sample, English speakers, from large…
Descriptors: Young Children, Semantics, Memory, Experiments
