An actometer is a modified self-winding calendar watch which records acceleration and deceleration of movements with a significant component" in the same plane as the face of the watch. Actometers tested in this study were not reliable. (Author/MB)

Reviews parent-child interaction studies, the major source of information about the socialization process of the child. Deals fully with observation studies--naturalistic observation and experimentally arranged interaction in the laboratory--but also draws on interview and questionnaire methods for comparison. (WY)

The theory of social comparison postulates that the tendency to compare one's performance to others' will decrease as a function of the discrepancy between the quality of one's own performance and that of the comparison person. (Author/MB)

These studies focused on sex differences and were designed to test the hypothesis that girls were more likely to be immobilized by a fear stimulus than boys. (Authors/CB)

Data indicate that the interventions provided differed in their effectiveness in calming newborns to a highly significant degree. (Authors)

Live behavioral and televised behavioral models were the most effective, and live verbal models were the least effective. The effects of the deviant models were more stable over time than the effects of the conforming models. (Authors)

Results demonstrate that 12 - 15 - week-old male infants smile to nonsocial stimuli, and offers support for the recognition hypothesis of infant smiling. (Authors/MB)

Based on 25 white middle-class infants from 9 to 12 months of age, the earliest manifestation of obedience to appear was a simple disposition to comply with maternal commands and prohibitions, independent of efforts to train or discipline the baby. (Authors/RY)

Implication of findings for designing an introductory mathematics curriculum are discussed. (Authors)

Results appear to indicate that the belief systems of the young child about the attributes of a stimulus person can be altered extensively by introducing characteristics completely unrelated to these attributes into the semantic representation of that person. (Authors)

Significantly greater imitation of the teacher model's incidental behaviors was observed among advantaged children, among girls, and in response to the positive reinforcing teacher. (Authors)

Findings of this experiment demonstrate the interdependence of reasoning and action in the development of morality. (Authors)

Distinctions between psychological versus task helping and attempted versus achieved help were applied to the helping behaviors of normal and retarded children of 2 age groups observed in natural settings. (Authors)

Purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the environmental and behavioral factors in children's day-to-day lives that are associated with hyperactivity and to examine its stability over time. (Authors)