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Evans, Gary W.; Lepore, Stephen J.; Shejwal, B. R.; Palsane, M. N. – Child Development, 1998
Examined the connection between chronic residential crowding and student adjustment, academic achievement, vulnerability to learned helplessness, blood pressure, and parent-child relationship in 10- to 12-year olds in urban India. Found that crowding was positively associated with blood pressure only among boys, and with learned helplessness only…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Child Behavior, Children, Crowding

Ziegert, Dannah I.; Kistner, Janet A.; Castro, Rafael; Robertson, Bruce – Child Development, 2001
Three studies replicated and extended Dweck's findings regarding young children's responses to challenging achievement situations. Findings indicated that a composite of cognitive, behavioral, and affective helplessness indices at kindergarten age predicted helplessness 1 and 5 years later, above and beyond gender and kindergarten task ability.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Followup Studies, Helplessness