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Genetically Informed, Multilevel Analysis of the Flynn Effect across Four Decades and Three WISC Versions
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Giangrande, Evan J.; Beam, Christopher R.; Finkel, Deborah; Davis, Deborah W.; Turkheimer, Eric – Child Development, 2022
This study investigated the systematic rise in cognitive ability scores over generations, known as the "Flynn Effect," across middle childhood and early adolescence (7-15 years; 291 monozygotic pairs, 298 dizygotic pairs; 89% White). Leveraging the unique structure of the Louisville Twin Study (longitudinal data collected continuously…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Scores, Intelligence Tests, Children
Development of Social Working Memory in Preschoolers and Its Relation to Theory of Mind
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He, Jie; Guo, Dong; Zhai, Shuyi; Shen, Mowei; Gao, Zaifeng – Child Development, 2019
Social working memory (WM) has distinct neural substrates from canonical cognitive WM (e.g., color). However, no study, to the best of our knowledge, has yet explored how social WM develops. The current study explored the development of social WM capacity and its relation to theory of mind (ToM). Experiment 1 had sixty-four 3- to 6-year-olds…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Short Term Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Theory of Mind
Exploring the Co-Development of Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study
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Little, Callie W.; Hart, Sara A.; Quinn, Jamie M.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Taylor, Jeanette; Schatschneider, Christopher – Child Development, 2017
This study explores the co-development of two related but separate reading skills, reading fluency and reading comprehension, across Grades 1-4. A bivariate biometric dual change score model was applied to longitudinal data collected from 1,784 twin pairs between the ages of 6 and 10 years. Grade 1 skills were influenced by highly overlapping…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Reading Instruction, Reading Fluency, Reading Comprehension
Meta-Analysis of Theory of Mind and Peer Popularity in the Preschool and Early School Years
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Slaughter, Virginia; Imuta, Kana; Peterson, Candida C.; Henry, Julie D. – Child Development, 2015
It has been argued that children who possess an advanced theory of mind (ToM) are viewed positively by their peers, but the empirical findings are mixed. This meta-analysis of 20 studies including 2,096 children (aged from 2 years, 8 months to 10 years) revealed a significant overall association (r = 0.19) indicating that children with higher ToM…
Descriptors: Child Development, Theory of Mind, Meta Analysis, Young Children
Black-White Achievement Gap and Family Wealth
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Yeung, W. Jean; Conley, Dalton – Child Development, 2008
This article examines the extent to which family wealth affects the Black-White test score gap for young children based on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (aged 3-12). This study found little evidence that wealth mediated the Black-White test scores gaps, which were eliminated when child and family demographic covariates were held…
Descriptors: Private Schools, Scores, Family Environment, African American Students
Bidimensional Sorting in Preschoolers with an Instrumental Learning Task.
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Watson, John S.; And Others – Child Development, 1979
Seventy-four lower- and middle-class children aged 2 1/2, 3 1/2, and 4 1/2 years, who were successful at unidimensional sorting of two objects by either color or form, were given feedback for correct bidimensional sorting of three objects, two of which had been used in unidimensional testing. Results indicate that Piagetian centration is a task-…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Feedback, Lower Class