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Kertes, Darlene A.; Kamin, Hayley S.; Hughes, David A.; Rodney, Nicole C.; Bhatt, Samarth; Mulligan, Connie J. – Child Development, 2016
Exposure to stress early in life permanently shapes activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the brain. Prenatally, glucocorticoids pass through the placenta to the fetus with postnatal impacts on brain development, birth weight (BW), and HPA axis functioning. Little is known about the biological mechanisms by which…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Stress Variables, Physiology, Metabolism
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Price, Thomas S.; Grosser, Tilo; Plomin, Robert; Jaffee, Sara R. – Child Development, 2010
Maternal smoking during pregnancy retards fetal growth and depresses infant birth weight. The magnitude of these effects may be moderated by fetal genotype. The current study investigated maternal smoking, fetal genotype, and fetal growth in a large population sample of dizygotic twins. Maternal smoking retarded fetal growth in a dose-dependent…
Descriptors: Twins, Body Weight, Mothers, Smoking
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Van den Bergh, Bea R.H.; Marcoen, Alfons – Child Development, 2004
Associations between antenatal maternal anxiety, measured with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and disorders in 8- and 9-year-olds were studied prospectively in 71 normal mothers and their 72 firstborns. Clinical scales were completed by the mother, the child, the teacher, and an external observer. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses…
Descriptors: Pregnancy, Hyperactivity, Body Weight, Anxiety
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Matheny, Adam P., Jr.; Brown, Anne M. – Child Development, 1971
Descriptors: Behavior Development, Behavior Patterns, Birth Order, Body Weight