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Prenatal Maternal Stress Predicts Methylation of Genes Regulating the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System in Mothers and Newborns in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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Kertes, Darlene A.; Kamin, Hayley S.; Hughes, David A.; Rodney, Nicole C.; Bhatt, Samarth; Mulligan, Connie J. – Child Development, 2016
Exposure to stress early in life permanently shapes activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the brain. Prenatally, glucocorticoids pass through the placenta to the fetus with postnatal impacts on brain development, birth weight (BW), and HPA axis functioning. Little is known about the biological mechanisms by which…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Stress Variables, Physiology, Metabolism
24-Month-Old Children with Larger Oral Vocabularies Display Greater Academic and Behavioral Functioning at Kindergarten Entry
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Morgan, Paul L.; Farkas, George; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Hammer, Carol Scheffner; Maczuga, Steve – Child Development, 2015
Data were analyzed from a population-based, longitudinal sample of 8,650 U.S. children to (a) identify factors associated with or predictive of oral vocabulary size at 24 months of age and (b) evaluate whether oral vocabulary size is uniquely predictive of academic and behavioral functioning at kindergarten entry. Children from higher…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Vocabulary, Oral Language, Predictor Variables
Fetal Genotype for the Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme "NQO1" Influences Intrauterine Growth among Infants Whose Mothers Smoked during Pregnancy
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Price, Thomas S.; Grosser, Tilo; Plomin, Robert; Jaffee, Sara R. – Child Development, 2010
Maternal smoking during pregnancy retards fetal growth and depresses infant birth weight. The magnitude of these effects may be moderated by fetal genotype. The current study investigated maternal smoking, fetal genotype, and fetal growth in a large population sample of dizygotic twins. Maternal smoking retarded fetal growth in a dose-dependent…
Descriptors: Twins, Body Weight, Mothers, Smoking
Extended Households and the Life Course of Young Mothers: Understanding the Associations Using a Sample of Mothers With Premature, Low Birth Weight Babies
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Gordon, Rachel A.; Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, P.; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne – Child Development, 2004
This paper examined whether the greater average schooling and employment, and lower parenting competence, of young mothers who reside with adult relatives reflect preexisting differences versus potential causal mechanisms. The sample included 554 young mothers (ages 13 to 25; nearly two thirds African American) from the Infant Health and…
Descriptors: Employment, Child Rearing, Parenting Skills, Mothers
Impact of a Temporary Food Shortage on Children and Their Mothers.
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McDonald, Mary Alice; And Others – Child Development, 1994
Evaluated the effects of a drought and temporary food shortage on 248 Kenyan mother-child dyads' energy intake, weight, and behaviors. Found that school-age children were affected more negatively than toddlers, showing significant declines in energy intake, age-corrected weight, activity on the playground, and classroom attention. Behavior…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Body Weight, Children
Attachment in Chronically Underweight Young Children.
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Valenzuela, Marta – Child Development, 1990
Assessed mother-infant attachment in a low-income population in Chile. Underweight children and children with adequate weight were classified as secure or anxious by means of the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Underweight children showed more anxious attachment, and anxious children showed the most serious weight deficits. (BC)
Descriptors: Anxiety, Attachment Behavior, Body Height, Body Weight
Maternal Work and Child-Care Strategies in Peri-Urban Guatemala: Nutritional Effects.
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Engle, Patrice L. – Child Development, 1991
A study of 8 to 35 month olds found that informally employed mothers had more undernourished children than did formally employed or nonworking mothers. With maternal education controlled for, no effects of maternal employment on children's growth patterns were found. Percentage of family income earned by the mother was associated with children's…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Body Height, Body Weight, Day Care