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Mandara, Jelani; Gaylord-Harden, Noni K.; Richards, Maryse H.; Ragsdale, Brian L. – Child Development, 2009
This study assessed the unique effects of racial identity and self-esteem on 259 African American adolescents' depressive and anxiety symptoms as they transitioned from the 7th to 8th grades (ages 12-14). Racial identity and self-esteem were strongly correlated with each other for males but not for females. For both males and females, an increase…
Descriptors: Females, Mental Health, Racial Identification, Adolescents
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Wang, Qian; Pomerantz, Eva M.; Chen, Huichang – Child Development, 2007
This research compared the effects over time of parents' control and autonomy support on children's functioning in the United States and China. American and Chinese (N = 806) seventh graders (mean age = 12.73 years) participated in a 6-month longitudinal study. Children reported on their parents' psychological control, psychological autonomy…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 7, Psychology, Parent Role