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Heyman, Gail D.; And Others – Child Development, 1992
Investigated the possibility that some kindergartners exhibit patterns of affective reactions associated with helplessness. Results indicated that, after they were criticized by their teachers, some kindergartners showed affective reactions and made self-evaluations associated with motivational helplessness. Reactions were related to conceptions…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Beliefs, Criticism, Helplessness