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Flexibility in Valenced Reinforcement Learning Computations across Development
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Nussenbaum, Kate; Velez, Juan A.; Washington, Bradli T.; Hamling, Hannah E.; Hartley, Catherine A. – Child Development, 2022
Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8-25 year-olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Modeling (Psychology), Expectation, Decision Making
The Effects of Continuous Nurturance and Nurturance Withdrawal on Children's Behavior: A Partial Replication
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Ascione, Frank R. – Child Development, 1975
Kindergarten and second grade children participated in a replication and extension of Hartup's earlier study concerning the effects of continuous nurturance and nurturance withdrawal on children's behavior. The author suggests that future research be focused on less complex contrasts between adult interaction patterns. (CW)
Descriptors: Adults, Elementary School Students, Interpersonal Relationship, Social Reinforcement
The Influence of "Sesame Street" and "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" on Children's Social Behavior in the Preschool
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Coates, Brian; And Others – Child Development, 1976
This study was designed to assess the influence of "Sesame Street" and "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood," two popular children's television programs, on the social behavior of 26 children. (BRT)
Descriptors: Adults, Educational Television, Observation, Positive Reinforcement
Children's Performance and Social Preference for Positive, Negative, and Mixed Adult-Child Interactions
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Morris, Edward K.; Redd, William H. – Child Development, 1975
Descriptors: Adults, Interaction Process Analysis, Preschool Children, Preschool Education
A Developmental Analysis of Elementary School-Aged Children's Concepts of Pride and Embarrassment.
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Seidner, Laura Beizer; And Others – Child Development, 1988
Developmental changes in conditions engendering pride and embarrassment were explored. Among other results, developmental change was found in the standards used to evaluate emotional experiences; references to social comparison increased with age and references to mastery decreased. (PCB)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Audiences, Children