In September 2011, the Obama Administration initiated a program to grant states waivers of several significant requirements of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). This initiative grew out of a concern that "in its implementation, No Child Left Behind had some serious flaws that are hurting our children instead of helping them," as President Obama noted in a speech announcing the waivers (The White House, 2011). The provisions that can be waived include several requirements of NCLB intended to hold schools accountable for raising student achievement. To receive NCLB waivers, states must apply to the U.S. Department of Education (ED) and must meet various requirements not currently in federal law. These new requirements relate to adopting college- and career-ready standards and assessments, developing differentiated accountability systems, implementing teacher and principal evaluation systems that factor in growth in student achievement, and reducing administrative burden. This report compares the new accountability provisions in the waiver states with those in the NCLB statute. Examples from select waiver states are included to illustrate how these new provisions will work within some specific statewide accountability systems. The report focuses on the complexity, transparency, and consistency across states of the new accountability systems in the waiver states, both on their own terms and in comparison with the NCLB statutory requirements. (Contains 4 footnotes.)