This paper describes a Gestalt approach to stimulating client awareness. The authors present examples of experiments which may be used to facilitate the client in trying on new ways of being. Gestalt principles and theory are explained. (Author)

This paper contends that values significantly influence the counselor's choice of a psychotherapeutic theory, selection of clients, counseling techniques, treatment goals, and direction of improvement. It is suggested that counselors be trained to the level where their own values do not interfere with the requirements of the client. (Author/BW)

The writer criticizes quotations and assertions of Altmann's which lack logic. The fact that some elementary school children require assistance does not justify the need for counselors. Other resources, such as more sympathetic teachers, might be more effective. A sounseling theory appropriate to children has yet to be proposed. (Author/EAK)

A review of the literature on elementary counseling was made in an attempt to determine the status of this field. Specific issues involving need, function, and theory of elementary counseling were discussed. (Author)

Sociobiology suggests that our basic pyschological makeup is genetically determined and has evolved by means of natural selection. Biologically based human predispositions often conflict with legal and moral requirements of modern life. Sociobiology provides support for the direct teaching of moral values and social skills. (Author)

This study, using Truax's Scale for the Measurement of Accurate Empathy and an adapted version of Warman's Counseling Appropriateness Check-List, investigated the influence of empathy on student perception of counselor role. In addition, the influence of grade level and sex was explored. (Author)

Presents the argument that counseling is an instructional process and examines the implications of this position for counseling practice, counseling effectiveness research, and counselor training. An instructional counseling model for counselor training is described. (Author/RC)