Replacing face-to-face teaching with online instruction in higher education will become an increasingly attractive strategy for reducing instructional costs. Research on the effectiveness of online instruction, however, is sparse. The purpose of this paper is to present findings of a 2-year study that examined learner outcomes within the context of foreign language learning when contact time is replaced by online instruction. Appended are: (1) First Implementation (spring semester). (Contains 9 tables and 11 notes.)