Explores whether evolved disposition that differs by sex or social structure explains sex differences in human behavior. Illustrates the explanatory power of each theory, and reviews a study (D. Buss, 1989) that supports the social structural theory with respect to mate preference. (SLD)

Examines social trends in the past two decades (particularly the growth of a service economy and the increasing reliance on specialized knowledge), the opportunities these trends have presented to psychology, and the discipline's response. (CMG)

The choice between genetic and environmental explanations is most properly based on "jointly genetic/environmental designs," which control for both genetic and environmental differences in a behavior genetic framework. (Author/GC)

Concludes that we are changing from a society whose goals were basically economic to one whose goals are psychological, and consequently we cannot expect the economists or the demographers to tell us to what extent these goals are being met or under what conditions they are most likely to be fulfilled. (Author/AM)

Presents six major methods by which characteristics of environments have been related to indexes of human functioning: (1) ecological dimensions; (2) behavior settings; (3) dimensions of organizational structure; and, (4) dimensions identifying the collective personal and/or behavioral characteristics of the milieu inhabitants; and two others.…

Demonstrates that a situation-centered perspective provides a useful contribution in understanding women's lack of job mobility. Discusses the implications of situation-centered and person-centered research approaches for action directed toward change. (Author/BE)

Synthesizes existing knowledge regarding interpersonal contexts of human development with emerging concepts and data that point to trans-contextual parameters of child-rearing environments. Proposes properties of the environment that foster development: primary and secondary development contexts; the impact of third parties; and interconnections…

Examines the connections between the experience of social history and personality development. Outlines a model that demonstrates how the impact of social events is mediated by life stage. Interprets longitudinal data collected over the past 40 years on women's work and family lives in terms of the model. (FMW)

This article critically reviews the social-psychological literature on race attitudes, which has assumed that the prejudicial status of any expression is determined by the underlying psychological attitude that motivated it. Variation and inconsistency in individuals' attitudinal expressions and disagreement over how to measure prejudice have…

In this article selfhood is examined from three perspectives: evolutionary or phylogenic, cross-cultural and transhistorical, and developmental or ontogenetic. The view presented is offered as a basis for hope in interpreting our human nature to ourselves and in increasing our individual and collective capacity for self-direction. (Author/EB)

Increased recognition of the effects of reciprocal influences in the behavior of parents and their offspring may result in children's improved well-being through the enhancement of parent effectiveness, dissolution of the notion that the parent is totally reponsible for the child's behavior, and active parental leadership and guidance. (Author/GC)

Discusses the application to education of principles of equity and social justice in light of considerations posed by individual differences. Reviews literature on diversity and pedagogy and examines issues related to attribute-treatment interaction (ATI) as an approach to educational improvement. (GC)

Interviews with African American and White American elders capture the immediate power of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision and the biography of its impact over time. This article reviews the lived experience of the decision and theorizes 3 threats to sustainability that ruthlessly undermined the decision over time: (a) the…

Argues that the typical psychometric model of human intelligence is limited because the database fails to take account of the many manifestations of intelligent behavior that are displayed in the world outside the testing room. Suggests that cognitive processes are influenced by test situation or setting and examiner's level of expertise. (PS)

Considers problems that arise at the interface between psychology and education, including inadequate training of school psychologists, the controversy over the use of IQ tests, and insufficient financial resources. Analyzes the role of social and economic forces controlling the policies that affect American schoolchildren. (Author/GC)