These experiments seek evidence for the existence, the operation, and the extent of influence of one type of code--a verbal, linguistic, semantic, name code--on memory. As well, they bring a new stimulus dimension, color, to this kind of test in a manner that would allow identification of individual variation in the use of different verbal labels…

Investigates the relative importance that the eyes and mouth play in the representation in memory of a human face. Systematically applies two kinds of transformation--masking the eyes or the mouths on photographs of faces--and observes the effects on recognition. (Author/RK)

Recent research has suggested that the use of the shift effect as a measure of encoding is critically dependent upon its properties as a psychological phenomenon. Examines this interrelation in light of data from a simple experiment. (Author/RK)

Subjects worked on a problem, engaged in an intervening activity, and then resumed work on the problem. Different intervening activities represented various mechanisms that produce incubation (e.g., set breaking, facilitation by analogy, review of the problem's elements). These various treatment groups were compared to a control group that worked…

The effects of vocalized tests on paired-associate learning were compared with those of silent tests and of blank trials by using six conditions, each repeating a pattern of six cycles including one study trial. (Editor/RK)

Subjects learned 24 words from two categories to either a lenient or a stringent criterion and were then tested in an identification task. (Editor)

The present paper reviews directionality trends in the drawing of horizontally extended figures and specifically investigates the influence of reading and writing habits and of handedness on directionality in adults. (Author)

The present study was designed to examine the relative contributions of perception and memory to the word-frequency effect in the Solomon and Postman design. (Author)

Three different experiments on the effects of linguistic development or proficiency on temporal aspects of reading aloud and speaking assessed the frequency, length, and location of unfilled pauses, speech rate, and phrase length. (Editor)

The series of experiments described here examined the predictions for free recall from sequential models and the shift formulation, focusing on the roles of short- and long-term memory in the primacy/recency shift and on the effects of expectancies on short- and long-term memory. (Author/RK)

In a list presented for study, the successive occurrences of a repeated item may appear either in adjacent or nonadjacent list positions. This research attempts to determine the relative size of this spacing effect, either for massed-presentation items (MP) or distributed-presentation items (DP), in long-term tests of retention as compared to that…

Voluntary forgetting of a list of verbal items was tested under two conditions. Results show that both recall and recognition increase as a function of the spacing between the two occurrences under the Remember-Forget condition, but not under the Forget Forget-Remember condition. (Editor/RK)

Eighty-six adults serially recalled lists of visually presented consonant letters similar in auditory or visual features or dissimilar on both feature sets. There were significantly more errors at every auditory list position than at the corresponding visual and neutral list positions, which did not themselves differ. Positive correlation exists…

Interresponse time (IRT) data were used to investigate the hypothesis that the learning to cluster (effectively organizing presented material) phenomenon should be interpreted as the result of a retrieval strategy. A systematic increase of category exit criterion should produce an increase in clustering because more category words should be…

Examines, within a single experiment, whether the conditions exist for drawing a valid inference about the possibility of a word losing its meaning through either visual satiation or visual "and" verbal satiation. Evaluates research by Fillenbaum (1964) and Esposito and Pelton (1969). (Author/RK)