Superordinate cues (e.g., "animal" for "dog") and coordinate cues (e.g., "cat" for "dog") were compared in two experiments. Associability and not the superordinate or coordinate relationship seems to be important in determining the effectiveness of cues. (Editor)

Attempts to replicate Gogel's (1972) observations with points of light and examines in addition whether the same results would be obtained if the binocularly nearer object was made visually more massive than the farther object and if the residual oculomotor cues were varied to produce different values of the reference distance. (Author/RK)

Hypothesis refining is the combining of two separate rules (conjunctive concept), the combination of which is more accurate than either rule alone. Each of 70 subjects was reinforced independently for either rule alone or their combination under one and only one of seven reinforcement conditions. Tests Verplanck's paradigm, a model for studying…

The possibility that subjective contours are an artifact of brightness contrast was explored. Concludes that subjective contour and brightness contrast are distinct perceptual phenomena but share a dependency on the processing of edge information transmitted through the achromatic channels of the visual system. (Editor/RK)

In a series of three experiments on the role of memory in solving attribute-identification problems, the subjects did or did not have to remember their response and/or the stimulus for processing during any given intertrial interval. (Editor)

Investigates the relative importance that the eyes and mouth play in the representation in memory of a human face. Systematically applies two kinds of transformation--masking the eyes or the mouths on photographs of faces--and observes the effects on recognition. (Author/RK)

Voluntary forgetting of a list of verbal items was tested under two conditions. Results show that both recall and recognition increase as a function of the spacing between the two occurrences under the Remember-Forget condition, but not under the Forget Forget-Remember condition. (Editor/RK)

Together, these studies replicate and extend Gordon and Spear's (1973a) findings that proactive interference decreases as the interval between prior and subsequent learning increases and that reactivation of a prior memory just before subsequent learning significantly increases the proactive interference due to the prior learning. (Author/RK)

The learning of backward associations by pigeons during training of forward associations was studied in three experiments using a symbolic matching task. The data are contrasted with the strong evidence of learning of backward associations by humans. (Editor/RK)

To test the tendency of subjects to perceptually organize discrete temporal patterns with regard to runs of identical stimulus events, spatiotemporal patterns of white noise were presented for reproduction. It is suggested that changes in runs of auditory patterns are perceptually analogous to changes in contours of visual patterns. (Editor/RK)

Adults and children judged mirror and nonmirror pairs of stimuli. The findings in this research suggested a nonperceptual explanation of mirror-image confusions, one involving conceptual and linguistic considerations. (Editor/RK)

Examines the position that the presence of contexts facilitates paired-associate learning through mediation. (Editor/RK)

Attempts to reexamine the role of response suppression as a contributor to retroactive inhibition in recall. (Author/RK)

This research sought to distinguish among three concepts of visual persistence by substituting the physical presence of the target stimulus while simultaneously inhibiting the formation of a persisting representation. Reportability of information about the stimuli was compared to a condition in which visual persistence was allowed to fully develop…

This paper is addressed to the process of learning to retrieve learned verbal material. Retrieval itself may be viewed as involving a plan or strategy for recovering the appropriate material in the particular situation for recall. (Author)