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Zimmerman, Barry J.; And Others – American Educational Research Journal, 1992
The causal role of students' self-efficacy beliefs and academic goals in self-motivated academic attainment was studied for 102 ninth and tenth graders (50 males and 52 females) using path analysis procedures. Perceived efficacy to achieve motivates academic attainment both directly and indirectly by influencing personal goal setting. (SLD)
Descriptors: Beliefs, Educational Objectives, Etiology, Grade 10
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Applebee, Arthur N.; Langer, Judith A.; Nystrand, Martin; Gamoran, Adam – American Educational Research Journal, 2003
This study examines the relationships between student literacy performance and discussion-based approaches to the development of understanding in 64 middle and high school English classrooms. A series of hierarchical linear models indicated that discussion-based approaches were significantly related to spring performance, controlling for fall…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Literacy, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Teaching Methods