This article contains the transcript of a speech that Robert ONeil delivered on June 12 in Washington, D.C., at the Ninetieth Annual Meeting of the American Association of University Professors. ONeil is professor of law and former president of the University of Virginia, where he directs the Thomas Jefferson Center for Protection of Free Expression. He is also chair of the AAUPs Special Committee on Academic Freedom and National Security in a Time of Crisis, a former AAUP general counsel, and former chair of Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure.