Almost thirty years ago, Justice William Brennan saw clearly that American higher education was coming under the same pressures to "cut costs and increase efficiencies" to which market forces were subjecting businesses. Since Justice Brennan's observation, employers generally have sought to maximize their "flexibility' by creating a…

The debate over whether and how TIAA-CREF should provide equal periodic retirement benefits to men and women despite different life expectancies is discussed, along with the status of court litigation and company action. (MSE)