Toxic exposures during pregnancy and early childhood continue to play an important role as a preventable cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in the U.S. and around the world. Identifying and eliminating these toxins should be a priority, but the task is made exceedingly difficult due to the severe limits of scientific knowledge in this area as well as the competing interests of industry and commerce. In this article, the author reports on a neurodevelopmental disorder known as "Toxic Brain Injury" and discusses several toxins (lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, alcohol, cocaine, and tobacco smoke) that can lead to childhood-onset brain dysfunction. He also briefly highlights the presentations that pertained to childhood neurodevelopment at the "Making the Connection: Human Health and Environmental Exposures" conference at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Appended to this article is a Content Test and a Continuing Medical Evaluation (CME) Form. It is expected that upon completion of reading this article, the learner will be able to list common environmental toxins that may cause brain injury in childhood and to explain why children are more susceptible than adults to toxic brain injury.