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Hessel, Annina K.; Strand, Steve – Educational Review, 2023
We compared two tools that have been used to capture the linguistic heterogeneity and achievement of students in England: the exposure-based distinction between English as an additional language (EAL) and monolingual learners, and the 2017--2018 five level teacher rating of proficiency in English (from "New to English" to…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), English, Language Proficiency