Educators agree on the benefits of adaptive learning, but evidence-based research remains limited as the field of adaptive learning is still evolving within higher education. In this study, we investigated the impact of an adaptive learning intervention to provide remedial instruction in biology, chemistry, math, and information literacy to…

The organizer of the conference, Pharmacy in the 21st Century, describes the two conferences, the first one in 1984 and the latest one in 1989. Issues in the 1984 conference that were not discussed in 1989 included pharmacy manpower, ethics in health care, wellness, informed consumers, etc. (MLW)

Research needs for pharmacy administration and clinical pharmacy include study of the relationship of pharmacists and society, management methods for providing health care services, pharmacist training and socialization, competence evaluation, formative and summative research on drug use control, and organizational decision making. (MSE)

Possible ways to influence the future practice of pharmacy include more shared responsibility with the pharmaceutical industry, increased attention to changes in disease patterns, attention to differential skills needed by different kinds of pharmacists, increased specialization, and emphasis on administrative and other business skills. (MSE)

Drugs, which can be the most cost-effective and cost-beneficial modality of disease management in chronic care, may be hazardous to older adults. It is important that pharmacists ensure that drugs will not further impair the patients' mental, physical, and functional status. (MLW)

Previous research has established that rural pharmacists are often the first points of contact regarding health care for elders, and are "gatekeepers" for aging-related information. This project established regionally distributed co-operative arrangements with four schools of pharmacy, one state pharmacy association, and one national pharmacy…

Research in ambulatory pharmacy is needed because of changes in its organizational financing and patient population. With health care payers seeking to move patients out of hospitals and into less costly care environments, pharmacy must help discover how to care for this growing patient population effectively and efficiently. (MSE)

The planning, design, and construction of a computer-assisted instructional program in pharmaceutical calculations at St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions is reported. The program was designed to supplement classroom teaching by concentrating on problem solving. A sample unit of instruction is appended.…

The biotechnology revolution is making contributions to the improvement of health care. Some of the biotechnology-based pharmaceuticals in the marketplace include human hormones, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, vaccines, immunomodulators, growth factors, and monoclonal antibodies. Many new diagnostics will appear and be used by patients in their own…

A course was developed at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, addressing issues facing women. Female students discussed career planning and management, the complexities of balancing career and family life, and career commitment. The technique of structured role-model analysis was used. (Author/MLW)

The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) manages the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NABPLEX). A new Scope of Pharmacy Practice study was completed in 1994, and representatives of NABP and the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities of Canada met in 1995 to discuss the possibility of…

This paper discusses how "The Ladies' Home Journal" was used by its editor, Edward Bok, in his crusade for food and drug regulation in the United States between the years 1890 and 1906, and whether these efforts were influential in bringing about the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. The first section describes "The Ladies' Home…

Strain in the profession of pharmacy over conflicts between basic and natural science perspectives is attributed to several factors: the many facets of the profession, divergent interests, political uncertainty, social change, members' aspirations, and curriculum studies. Greater use of computers is encouraged. (MSE)

The Planning and Implementation Committee of the Pharmacy in the 21st Century conference edited and condensed 375 issue statements generated by 7 workshops. Some 112 statements were presented to the conferees to develop a consensus of the conference on the importance of these issues as they will affect pharmacy in the next 15-20 years. (Author/MLW)

Issues in the conflict between clinical practice and basic research in pharmacy are reviewed: professional associations' role, curriculum needs and traditions, internal strains and diversity in the profession, computer use, scholarly work of faculty, using the medical profession as a model, and misperceptions of what clinical and basic sciences…