Educational equality for migrant youth has not been realized in American society. By grade 10, 80-90% of migrant youth drop out of school. When migrants drop out, they are academically 1 to 2 years behind other students their age. They have limited English skills, poor self-concepts, few job skills, and no career plans. The National Association of…

A group of three conference papers, all dealing with ways to improve teacher effectiveness, is presented in this document. The first paper, "Improving Teacher Effectiveness" (Twyla Stewart), describes the efforts of the Center for Academic Interinstitutional Programs at the University of California, Los Angeles. The program focuses on…

The effects of bilingual education and programs for students who are not native speakers of English have not been researched thoroughly enough to provide sufficient, accurate, and meaningful evidence that will support litigation. Accordingly, this paper provides a historical review of the role of litigation in obtaining educational equity for…

The importance of higher education for people of color who will soon make up one third of the U.S. population, is emphasized from the point of view of the Aetna Life & Casualty Foundation. Although the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s changed the course of history and people of color were offered access to higher education, something…

This paper examines the concept of human completion, as applied to both the African and the Afro-American experience, and how the search for completion by the individual influences the collective society. The theoretical concepts of Paulo Freire and Albert Memmi are applied to both groups. Both groups have been denied equal opportunity for…

This paper discusses the changes in social processes and corresponding changes in education as a result of the presence of post-war, non-Anglo-Celtic immigrants in Australia. This is followed by analyses of recent reports which have influenced policy, and the paper concludes with identification of research needs in the light of recent research…

This paper discusses findings of ecological studies of classroom learning drawn from the fields of anthropology, sociology, and ecological psychology. The aim of the studies is to illustrate the processes of teaching and learning rather than to establish generalizable rules for instruction by challenging the methodology and findings of traditional…

This document consists of two statements, one made by John Molina, Director of the Office of Bilingual Education, and the other by Elton W. Ridge, Project Manager of the Lau-Bilingual programs. The statement by Molina discusses the scope and the goals of ESEA Title VII programs and what has been accomplished. Statistics are presented on the number…

There are five basic types of rural communities as far as school issues are concerned; rural schools vary not only to the extent that they are small, but also according to the type of community in which they are located. "Stable rural" communities are our classic rural community--prosperous, peaceful, traditional, and mostly white. In…

The school desegregation movement grew out of a concern for educational equity, which has a basis in constitutional/judicial principles, psychological concerns (the belief that racial isolation is psychologically damaging to the disadvantaged), and black nationalism (manifested in a concern for developing students' self-esteem). Cultural…

Compatibility of three basic goals of public education in the United States is examined. The goals are: (1) equal educational opportunity, interpreted as giving the same education to all students regardless of factors such as race and parental wealth; (2) general competence, defined as attainment of basic academic skills by the great preponderance…

A national survey was conducted to identify the nature and extent of discrimination perceived by black students and advocates in postsecondary education institutions. The black students studied were one of six studied groups, all protected by Federal law against educational discrimination. Racial discriminatory treatment was identified by these…

An historical problem in the education of minorities has been that those responsible for minority education have isolated the educational process from the culture of the minority being served. This factor and others (cultural bias, lack of opportunity, and background) have contributed to lower levels of educational attainment of rural minorities…

The paper explores types of secondary education offered to students of various social backgrounds in Teheran, Iran, and examines processes by which students are guided into educational tracks. The hypothesis is that assignment to an academic versus a vocational program and tracking within these programs plays a major role in the type of…

The major thesis of this paper on declining resources and enrollment is that the management of decline, or, as the author calls it, "contraction," is not simply an economic and technical problem; it is basically a conceptual and political one. The author first considers the effects of contraction on schools, buildings, and courses,…