An historical problem in the education of minorities has been that those responsible for minority education have isolated the educational process from the culture of the minority being served. This factor and others (cultural bias, lack of opportunity, and background) have contributed to lower levels of educational attainment of rural minorities…

Experience-based learning has been evident in the Chinese educational system since the 1930s. Following the Long March in 1934-35, the Chinese Communists introduced a nonformal, experience-based educational system in North Shensi province. This system included drama groups in the countryside to educate peasants, classes in factories, and…

In the fall of 1974, I was invited to serve as a consultant to the Indonesian effort to develop a National Strategy for Non-Formal Education. The brunt of my effort concerned action research for developing and testing an empirical "Community Learning System" designed to link local learning needs with the management-resource-learning…

The major portion of this publication consists of 13 papers presented at the seminar on out-of-school education. The papers include both general treatments of the subject and analyses of particular case studies. The papers are organized into four broad topical groups--possible approaches to the planning of out-of-school education, the Esfahan…

The Center for English Language Research and Teaching (CELRT) at the American University of Beirut, with the cooperation of the Ford Foundation, held a conference with the purpose of attracting attention to the various English language training needs and opportunities outside of the normal system of school instruction. David Nize argues in his…

Educational needs of an adult as an individual and a social being form the bases of every educational activity and are an important issue of every discussion about adult education. If human needs are understood as the motivation, the specific energy that turns into striving to achieve an aim, or an expression of a lack, then it follows that…

This booklet presents a summary of contemporary understandings of adult literacy in the context of development. It suggests that literacy is best seen as one of a number of different means of communications rather than a single essential basic skill; that learning literacy is not essential to development (many non-literate persons are already…

The economic crisis facing the world today shows us very clearly that we ought to rethink, redefine and characterize with precision the new role of adult education. A new role should help in contributing effectively to the quest for new ways, truly different alternatives toward a true and authentic development. (SSH)

Describes a study that investigated the citation patterns of publications by scientists and engineers in electrical and electronics engineering in Korea. Citation behavior of personnel in government, universities, and industry is compared; and citation patterns from articles in Korean and non-Korean publications are contrasted. (Contains 27…

Based on a session at the 1990 annual conference of the American Society for Information Science (ASIS), this issue presents 14 articles that discuss innovations in curriculum and instructional methods in information science and how to share them internationally, especially with developing countries. Highlights include distance education and the…

Eight contributed papers given at a general session of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions 1992 annual meeting are presented. These papers deal with a variety of library issues, and are generally, but not exclusively, focused on developing countries. The following papers are included: (1) "Community…

Educational curricula have often been shaped more by worldwide standards and modern values than by national or regional influences and may, in some cases, be irrelevant to student and local community needs. This paper explores ways in which curricula can be adapted to a region's specific, social, political, and regional conditions. It begins with…

It is proposed that non-native teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in non-English-speaking developing countries receive certification of English language proficiency, despite the fact that they are graduates of teacher education programs. Such certification would be entrusted to an independent body, such as a national language testing…

This paper describes the development of the Teachers' Activity Centers (TACs) in Malaysia. The TACs evolved from Local Resource Centers and District Resource Centers of the 1970s and 1980s. The 350 TACs in the country were initially supplied with basic tools for the production of teaching-learning resources. With administrative reorganization, the…

The goal of building bridges between the Pacific Basin and the United States can be accomplished by focusing on economic considerations. Trade agreements, business and university collaborations, and the mobility of populations between the Pacific Basin and the United States serve as examples of common experiences and cooperation. As education in…