An analysis of recent proposals concerning the typologies of language change attempts to provide a synthesis identifying the major types of change that need to be distinguished. The three major types of language change discussed are spontaneous change, borrowing, and imposition. Upon analysis, it is concluded that these three types of change…

This qualitative case study considers factors such as difficulty of understanding mathematics and poor mathematics practicing strategy under academic factors and lack of family support under social factors as those that contribute to the failure. Many students entering community college have deficiencies in mathematics background and are required…

In an effort to compare the psychological characteristics of HIV positive veterans who are homeless with those who are not homeless, the psychological test performances of patients referred to the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Houston, Texas were examined. Investigators analyzed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)…

The paper analyzes developmental retardation in relation to social factors, such as malnutrition, unemployment, illiteracy, and health services in poor countries. It is reported that present institutional strategies seem unable to cope with prevention of retardation. An alternative approach based on changing community patterns is proposed.…

This paper examines the historical evolution of career development in China and Hong Kong. It reports that, according to Zhang (1994), the evolution of career guidance in China can be divided into six stages: the rise of vocational guidance and education (1917-1949); reorientation (1950-1965); abandonment (1966-1976); transition (1977-1986);…

In the mainstream discourse on child development and education, 'school readiness' has been conceptualized as the skills and knowledge that children need when they enter school in order to learn effectively in the school environment. However, school readiness is an idea which is entwined with our beliefs about child development and child needs (E.…

Eleven cemeteries in Wyoming are examined for visuals pertaining to life in the West. The purpose is to demonstrate the importance of Western culture tradition evidenced through tombstone symbolism--representations of the activities and environments of the living through the memory provided by the deceased. The visual symbols found on the…

Research on the relationship between gender and social influence style suggests that there are both perceived and self-reported differences in the power strategies used by men and women. To thoroughly explore perceived gender differences in power strategy use, modes of influence that have been theoretically derived from, and systematically linked…

Activity theory is a perspective that is largely rooted in the writing of Soviet psychologists. One of the premises of the theory is that human behavior and thinking occur within meaningful contexts as people conduct purposeful goal directed activity. The primary unit of psychological study should be socially organized human activity, rather than…

This paper argues that women experience two realities, a "private sphere" and a "public sphere," and the implication of this dual perspective needs to be addressed by women scholars in all disciplines. The idea behind these two spheres of reality is traced back to the ancient Greeks where household management (oikos) was the…

Several demographic and psychosocial variables affect assessment and treatment of chronic pain patients. The variables include demographic characteristics, life styles, family constellations, job conditions, financial status, support networks, and leisure activities. In recent years clinics and programs have emerged in a variety of configurations.…

Focusing on the seminal work "Being and Nothingness," this paper explores the implications of the ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre for the study of communication in society. The paper redefines communication from an existential point of view, explores some implications of this redefinition for the study of communication within the social…

This paper chronicles the stages in the history of career counseling and development in the United States, noting that each stage has been presaged by major societal changes and has had profound effects on the lives of individuals. In the first stage (1890-1919), placement effects on services were offered for an increasingly urban and industrial…

Presented are proceedings from a 1976 conference entitled "Understanding and Responding to Violence in Young Children" which was attended by over 600 students, teachers, child care workers, and parents. Following an introduction by L. Genser are entries with the following titles and authors: "The Course of the Development of Violence in Young…

Describes six pressures and trends shaping society today: transformation of knowledge; the communications revolution; economic turbulence; shifts in power structures; new concept of work, education, and leisure; and the search for meaning. The effects of these pressures on social transition are discussed and implications drawn for learning and…