In a study of the differences in images of journalism among persons with varying amounts of contact with the profession, three groups completed questionnaires. The groups were composed of 79 high school students, 55 college students majoring in journalism, and 54 professional journalists. The questionnaire included four items to measure perceived…

Kenya and Ghana provide interesting case studies of the theory that women who have access to roles other than mother and whose status does not depend largely or solely on the number of children they bear will have fewer children. Kenyan and Ghanaian women have among the highest desired and actual fertility in the world. They also, relatively…

This study was designed to extend discussion of fear of success beyond the college population, using Horner's original coding scheme to examine the thematic imagery of TAT stories told by a cross-section of the public during a survey interview. The data collected from this sample of the general public contrasted in several ways with data gathered…

The purpose of this study was first to map the functional communication structure of a 142-member formal organization, then to analyze that structure to identify work groups (Cliques) and interlinking liaison role persons, and finally to describe certain differences between liaison persons and nonliaison members of the work groups as perceived by…

The existing research in the area of sex-role stereotypes has emphasized the presence of clearly delineated and relatively rigid roles. However, since each personality trait can be found in varying amounts in both of the sexes, one might think that the current norms of sex-role stereotypes are unduly limited. In the socialization process, all…

This study attempted to establish a desired image of an expert science writer based on a synthesis of writing theory, models, and research literature on academic writing in science and other disciplines and to contrast this desired image with an actual prototypical image of scientists as writers of science. The synthesis was used to develop a…

The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses drawn from the social role model about the process that people use in deciding what other people are like, focusing on the difference that other people's age, race, and sex make. A sample of non-Latino White students (N=671) ranging in age from 18 to 81 years used the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)…

This study investigated discrepancies in partners' skills that arose during children's collaborative problem solving. Some researchers have concluded that expert peers' poor teaching skills seriously curtail the learning potential of expert-novice peer collaboration. This study examined the ways in which experts and novices negotiate and…

As many as 40% of older people in the United States live long enough to become great-grandparents, yet little is known about the content of this role within the American kinship system. Great-grandparents (N=20) living in the South responded to a depth anthropological interview which explored their perceptions of great-grandparenthood as a kinship…

The lives of adult women tend to be framed by emotional relationships created early in the life course that reflect the social roles of daughter, friend, wife, and mother. These bonds, often long-term, persist in later adult life and shape decisions made about job and career trajectories through their implementation or not in the social networks…

The issue of the expansion of international interaction and cultural stereotypes, and their effect on the levels of communicative competence and the willingness to participate in international cooperation is addressed. One specific form of national stereotype, the reflected autostereotype, is described. An examination of reflected autostereotyping…

Discussed are relations between developmental constraints provided by the social environment and children's growing understanding of interpersonal roles and commonly occurring social events. Findings from studies of children's social participation in three contexts are presented: child-teacher interaction at preschool snacktime, child-adult…

The inservice project described in this case study involved three role groups--leaders, consultants, and teachers--in a collaborative effort to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate an inservice program. The program combined strategies for teaching writing with strategies for teaching reading in the content areas, while maintaining the integrity…

A commonly held bias in American society is that being an old woman is not a desirable state. One variety of this bias is stereotyping, which involves a restrictiveness of attitudes, so that old women are seen as possessing a limited and circumscribed set of qualities or characteristics. Restrictiveness also is associated with distortion and…

While past research has found conflicting results on the place for client role preferences in psychotherapy, none of this research has examined the client role preferences in an actual client population seeking outpatient therapy. This study involved the development of a measure of client role preferences which attempted to survey a wider range of…