The domain and facet approach to personality assessment is discussed. The strategy used to identify and measure aspects of the five factors of personality structure is described. Evidence concerning the factorial invariance of the resulting set of 30 facet scales and some recent evidence concerning their discriminant validity are reviewed. Some…

Both philosophical tendencies and personality types have potential importance for questions in the area of moral development. This paper explores whether there is any correlation between the two. Both are ways of trying to understand people and their behavior. An inventory of 40 Likert-scale items, the Ross-Barger Philosophy Inventory (C. Ross and…

The Personal Preference Self-Description Questionnaire (PPSDQ) was developed to measure personal preferences as regards Jungian psychological types. Instruments in this area are among the most popular measures used in education and psychology; the measures are used in matching teaching and learning styles, in individual counseling and family…

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between the components of the Type A behavior pattern and the maintenance of exercise participation in a 5-month physical fitness program. Metropolitan Government employees (N=200) volunteered to participate in a pilot health promotion program. Physical fitness activities (supervised walking,…

Most researchers explain the attractiveness-personality link in terms of a simple self-fulfilling prophecy model: a person's good looks evoke a "Beauty is Good" stereotype that causes positive treatment by others, which, in turn, causes the target to develop a "good personality." An alternative conceptual framework expands on the current implicit…

Most researchers recognize a moderate but reliable relationship between stress and illness. One personality variable that might increase susceptibility to symptoms of strain and physical illness is hopelessness, while one variable that was initially proposed as a mediator of the relationship between stress and illness is hardiness, a personality…

This study analyzed the personality traits (masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated sex role characteristics) of female students, staff, and faculty at a medium-sized university to determine how personality traits were associated with participation in recreational activities. A questionnaire consisting of items related to the Bem…

This research examined the relationships among three variables--teacher personality, teacher pupil control attitudes, and teacher pupil control behavior--to determine whether teacher personality or pupil control attitudes were the better predictor of pupil control behavior. Subjects were 102 junior high school teachers. The major finding of the…

Research has indicated that alcohol consumption is strongly affected by situational factors, especially social factors. To explore the relevance to drinking of the need for social approval in social situations, 36 male college students were asked to predict how much they would drink in several situations varying in how certain they were of their…

Research indicates that the family roles of men are slowly changing, with a small minority of those sampled having primary childcare/household duties. To examine the background, life satisfaction, motives, and personality traits of such men, 16 married, male adults, whose wives were employed outside the home, and who had over 50% of the…

According to previous research, achieving women display nontraditional personality traits and are influenced by affiliative motives. To examine the needs exhibited by professional women who have made significant achievements, 23 career women (physicians, attorneys, veterinarians, business women, politicians, and artists) completed the Edwards…

Bereavement and depression are two clinical problems which are prevalent in elderly persons and which may coincide in older adults. This study was conducted to examine how depression interacts with bereavement status. Data were obtained from 393 adults over the age of 55 who participated at four times of measurement (within 1 month of their…

This examination of the nature of leadership identifies communication as one of the most important elements of leadership, and discusses the 16 basic and 32 mixed types of personalities with whom leaders interact. The communication styles of individuals with each of these temperament styles are also discussed. The importance of effective listening…

Considerable evidence has been found to support the hypothesis that actors' and observers' attributions diverge. It is also becoming clear that this divergence is not the result of a single process, but is the result of factors which co-occur and differentiate actors from observers. Observers' beliefs about their similarity to actors were…

In the pursuit of the question as to whether there are significant relationships between certain measures of personality and abstract or critical thinking, it was believed that should significant relationships exist, they may prove useful as one of the factors among several used in the selection of teachers. A paucity of literature citations…