To improve the accuracy of the informal reading inventory (IRI), a differential set of criteria is necessary for both word recognition and comprehension scores for different levels and reading conditions. In initial evaluation, word recognition scores should reflect only errors of insertions, omissions, mispronunciations, substitiutions, unkown…

A study examined the relationships between retelling--an indicator of reading comprehension obtained through a student's oral recall of a story--and three other indicators of reading comprehension representing various viewpoints in comprehension measurement: miscues, a post oral-reading cloze test, and a passage dependent multiple choice test.…

Noting that the verbal interactions that transpire between teacher and student in the classroom setting are central to the instructional process, this paper offers reading teachers a systematic means of examining their own interactive patterns in the context of oral reading instruction. In addition, it provides teachers with a way of inspecting…

Three research projects were conducted at the University of Maryland's Reading Clinic (for students in grades one through twelve) to evaluate the efficiency of clinical procedures and to generate research hypotheses and techniques. Using data from randomly selected clinical case studies, the research projects focused on two diagnostic procedures:…

A study was made of the effects of three types of preparation on the accuracy of prospective teachers in conducting an Informal Reading Inventory (IRI), with 73 undergraduate students exhibiting features of Spanish in oral reading in English: (1) the study of Spanish (two or more semesters), (2) training in conducting an IRI (provided in a…

In the Neurological Impress Method (NIM) for helping children with reading problems, the teacher and student read aloud together while the child points with an index finger to the words that are being spoken. The system thus provides visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile input for learners. A review of the scant information on NIM reported in…

Oral reading, usually designated as unessential, is an effective teaching technique which students enjoy. Through careful preparation, reading to students can help to develop linguistic, cognitive, perceptual, and affective abilities necessary to read well. This can be combined productively with a program of silent, independent reading. An outline…

The writing and production of classroom publications can become a strong motivating factor in stimulating children to read. Since a wide variety of activities is necessary in compiling a class paper or magazine, all children can be involved. Guidelines should be established and followed concerning titles and themes for the publication, duties of…

This study examined oral-reading characteristics associated with language development in second-grade children, working on the suppositions that oral syntactic proficiency influences a child's use of syntax while reading and that this influence can be seen in oral reading, particularly in the contextual appropriateness of errors. It was also…

This study compared the development of storybook reading in 15 kindergartners from working class homes to that of kindergartners from middle class homes studied by Sulzby (1985). Nine girls and six boys from two kindergartens in a small, rural town in British Columbia, Canada, participated. Kindergarten teachers used a holistic approach to…

A study investigated the use of riddles beginning with How, When, and Why to see which question type was easier for low-achieving students to answer correctly, and to see if practice could increase the number of correct answers chosen. For comparison purposes, scores were also collected for an average-achieving group without practice, to see if…

Investigating how good and poor readers process words, a study examined the spelling and reading processes of 80 middle-class first grade students from three schools in Houston, Texas, 40 who were receiving whole word instruction, and 40 receiving phonics instruction. Based on scores from the Gates-McGinitie Reading Test, Basic R (administered in…

Japanese and American reading programs in kindergarten and the primary grades differ extensively. This is partly because the Japanese written language makes initial learning easier and later learning more difficult. In addition, bolstered by a long history of literacy, Japanese parents provide more uniform support for their children's academic…

A study gauged the effects of peer tutoring on the reading skills of first graders. Subjects were 250 children divided into eight experimental and four control classrooms in a school district in Utah. Teachers were trained by researchers, bearing in mind five procedural principles: (1) appropriate modeling by the teacher, (2) extensive dialogue,…

Two conflicting hypotheses exist regarding how oral reading behavior patterns follow from encounter with the text. One hypothesis views them as following decoding (decoding hypothesis), and the other sees them as occurring after comprehension processes have constructed a semantic representation of the message. These hypotheses are further…