These five symposium papers address the gap between behavioral and psychoanalytic theories. "Teaching the Integration of Different Models to Therapists-in-Training," by Richard P. Halgin, suggests that students should concentrate on a broad-based education, using the best of several approaches to fit individual client needs, rather than…

Over the past 15 years there have been pronouncements by nationally known educators and critics on counseling. During this period there has been a growing emphasis upon career counseling, career choice and career development. Concurrently there has been an increase in effort to develop and validate counseling and career development theories. The…

This paper presents an overview of the need for theory in the field of adventure therapy. It also outlines one way of conceptualizing theories of human change as they relate to adventure therapy. The field of adventure therapy is young and has not had time to develop a coherent theoretical base. In order to contribute to the development of a…

Wraparound is a family-centered, strength-based philosophy of care used to guide service planning for students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities (EBD) and their families. Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a systems approach for establishing effective behavior supports for all students in schools. The wraparound…

This paper discusses the use of Rational Recovery (RR) as a counseling technique in treating people who feel fat, particularly women. Fatness is viewed as a philosophy, not a physical condition. Cultural influences defining and stressing ideal femininity come down hard on women whose physiques or appearances do not measure up. RR gives people…

Gender Aware Therapy (GAT) has developed in recent years to synthesize feminist theory and knowledge about gender into principles of therapy equally applicable to both men and women. This paper briefly examines the roots of Gender Aware Therapy and describes its principles: (1) conceptions of gender are seen as integral aspects of psychotherapy…

Little research in the existing literature attempts to define feminist therapy by incorporating the specific experiences and philosophies of those who describe themselves as feminist therapists. Even less information is available about the perceptions of their clients. Therapists and their clients answered questions about the theoretical…

This manuscript presents a chronological interview recently conducted with Dr. C.H. Patterson, a pioneer in the area of person-centered counseling and counselor education. It details many of the serendipitous events that led him from a child of poverty to a life rich in academic achievements and social rewards. This interview details many of his…

This paper explores the complexities in transitioning from the role of a counselor to that of a counselor educator, integrating a review of the literature on counselor pedagogy with personal experience. The role of the counselor, the teacher, and the parallels and disjunctions between those roles as well as possible ways to bridge them are among…

The notion of relational control in therapy has evolved as a concept over the past 30 years. This paper reviews the evolution of the construct of relational control as it relates to counseling and therapy. It analyzes the various ways that relational control has been used in process research and explores the manner in which counselors and clients…

The Rogerian argument, as described by Young, Baker, and Pike in "Rhetoric: Discovery and Change," misrepresents Carl Rogers's own principles. Addressing the need for improved interpersonal communication both within and outside of therapy, Rogers describes three conditions for "listening with understanding": congruence, or…

For thousands of years metaphors have been used as a teaching device to help people grow, to understand, to develop ego strength, resilience and a quality of life. Each system of therapy has a set of metaphors in the form of a vocabulary. Fairy tales have messages on different levels and leave the metaphors open for interpretations. The power of…

Special characteristics of action-oriented approaches to therapy, cautions and tips for using these approaches, and sample activities are provided in this guide. An introductory section explains the relationship of action-based counseling to the traditional action-oriented methods and principles of Adlerian psychology and emphasizes the merit of…

The field of psychology has offered many theories to explain the phenomenon of ethnopolitical conflict. Some psychologists have taken aspects of these theories from the research laboratory and have begun to develop and implement strategies for clinical application. In this regard, this paper suggests three distinctive roles for clinical…

Feminist therapy, born of activism and opposition to the bias within conventional psychotherapy, is most often defined by its emancipatory goals for women and its approach to treatment which examines the link between the patient's problem and systemic discrimination. In this study, 20 feminist therapists were interviewed in order to explore the…