While the largest growth in the college-age population (i.e., 18 to 24 year olds) is among minority group members, the largest decline in college-going rates is among minorities. Because of poor academic preparation, rising tuition rates, and declining financial aid resources, the community college has become the college of necessity, rather than…

The first two court approved desegregation cases involving graduate and professional public schools during 1935-1940 are discussed. These cases demonstrate a shift in emphasis from segregated to desegregated public graduate and professional schools. The court invoked the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in both Maryland and…

The relationship between student financial aid and college attendance in Sweden during 1965-1985 was assessed. Objectives were to determine: the extent to which student aid has increased the overall rates of transition to higher education; the effect of financial aid on the recruitment of different socioeconomic groups; the effect of financial aid…

The number of competing daily newspapers in American cities has dwindled until only about 50 cities boast two papers. Of the newspapers in those cities, 23 now maintain separate editorial operations but have joint printing, advertising, and circulation departments. The concept of joint operation is 50 years old, dating from the Depression years…

Legal employment test precedent cited by courts and employment-related law cited by plaintiffs during teacher certification test (TCT) decisions are discussed to determine their pertinence to test content validity issues. The two main documents involved in such litigation are the "Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures"…

Important steps for saving America's school system where at-risk students are fast becoming the new student majority are discussed. For example: 45% of all Mexican American and Puerto Rican youth never finish high school; illiteracy among minority students is as high as 40%; and between 1968 and 1986, the number of white children enrolled in…

Two arguments on the impact of sex and setting in part-time faculty are offered: (1) that men and women come to part-time teaching by somewhat different routes, but once they arrive in a specific setting and encounter similar work and work conditions, the impact of sex is muted; and (2) that there are two important aspects related to work settings…

The conspicuous absence of Black professionals at predominantly White colleges has serious consequences for Black students. In the State University of New York system, for example, there are only 262 Blacks in a 9,000 member faculty and the highest percentage of Black professionals are low level administrators. For the few Black faculty on…

With much to offer rural girls as well as much to learn from them, Girl Scouting is trying to reach more girls and adults in rural areas. The challenges include economic setbacks for farming, unemployment, isolated populations, and changing rural culture. Along with the challenges are the many resources of rural areas and the congruence between…

A study examined the educational and vocational barriers and opportunities reported by 788 disabled adult clients of the Pennsylvania Office of Vocational Rehabilitation who matriculated in postsecondary education in Pennsylvania between 1980 and 1986. Thirty-six percent (244) of the surveys were returned. Half of the disabled adults matriculating…

Eight activities are designed to help high school students learn about equal education and employment opportunities and expand their life roles. Introducing the unit are a knowledge quiz, which helps students analyze their attitudes about work, family, and sex stereotyping, and a work force quiz, which helps them increase their awareness of the…

An overview is presented of the political struggle for equal rights for women athletes. Discussed is the role of the National Collegiate Association for Athletics (NCAA), which has been against increased intercollegiate and interscholastic athletic opportunities for women. The genesis of the Fourteenth Amendment (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act…

This is a summary of a roundtable on Chinese language teaching which focused on the history and present status of Chinese programs at institutions represented by the discussants. Discussion centered around the following points: (1) types of students taking Chinese; (2) methodology; (3) enrollment; and (4) career opportunities. A paper is also…

A study was conducted to determine how research by faculty members is responsive to uncertainty or inadequacy in the environment. The interrelationships among four variables were studied: perceived environmental uncertainty, complexity, boundary spanning activity, and environmental adequacy. It was proposed that the nature of the…

To clarify delivery system concepts, several topics will be addressed: educational needs of lower-income older people, formulation of a design concept, specification of the system's concrete aspects, and research/development implications. As the proportion of persons over age sixty-four grows and sensitivity to unmet lifelong learning needs rises,…