According to sociological conventional wisdom, contact of the right kind in the right setting reduces stereotyping. Some research supports this hypothesis, some does not, and most can be challenged because the hypothesis conditions were not clearly met. This study attempted to meet the necessary conditions by using an unusually suitable setting,…

To examine how media content is influenced by journalists' role concepts and organizational characteristics, a study used data which was originally gathered from telephone interviews with 1,001 American journalists conducted between December 1982 and February 1983, and which served as the basis for "The American Journalist: A Portrait of U.S.…

Aging individuals are most often cared for by a spouse or middle-aged child, usually a daughter. As the aging population increases, as longevity increases along with the likelihood of chronic and disabling conditions, women will be facing many special problems related to their role as caregiver. Many women who are serving as caregivers to their…

The base-rate fallacy states that the use of stereotypes is eroded when subjects are given minimal but diagnostic, individuating information about a target. To examine the effect of causal attributions and subject gender on the use of stereotypes in evaluations and predictions, 180 college students (90 males, 90 females) were presented with one of…

Given that traditional societies provide women with clearly defined roles, married women in traditional communities might experience less depression than women who have conflicting role expectations. To examine this issue, 43 Lubavitch Hassidic Jewish women from two northeastern communities were interviewed concerning their satisfaction with…

The prison experience has traditionally been examined from two perspectives, i.e., deprivation or importation. The amount of time spent in prison, the degree of assimilation into the inmate subculture (prisonization), changes in self-esteem, and self-disclosure are associated with the deprivation model. Advocates of the importation model, however,…

A study was conducted to determine how Washington, D.C., reporters cover business policy issues and to explain why they report this news as they do. The study used J. Grunig's situational theory of communication behavior as a basis for developing a typology of Washington reporters based upon their perceptions of four business policy issues. A…

Role theory, which posits that people play parts determined to some extent by others' expectations, was used in an investigation of the relationship between public relations practitioners and journalists. Twelve journalists and 14 public relations practitioners were asked to describe both roles in terms of a variety of attributes or…

Since grandparents can have profound influence on their grandchildren's upbringing, understanding how grandparents present models of male and female roles may enhance understanding of early sex-role socialization. Sex differences in perceptions of grandparenting were examined in a group of grandmothers (N=177) and grandfathers (N=105) who…

The identity problems of school psychologists are complicated by the emergence of applied developmental psychology. Traditionally, school psychology has recognized developmental psychology as one of its major foundations; however, the two fields are not synonymous. School psychology also applies other disciplinary practices, and conversely, all…

As a result of an effective feminist movement and effective technological developments, men are faceing drastic and dramatic changes in their personal and work lives. Consequently, more men, and specifically more older men, are entering psychotherapy than ever before. Men in their 50's are facing problems associated with shifts away from…

Two studies were conducted to examine the difference between the roles of resource teachers as proposed in the literature and the actual allotment of time in practice. Studies involved 101 graduate students in a university resource teacher training program and 371 resource teachers in the public schools. Findings confirmed previous conclusions…

Research has indicated that gender constancy and categorization are achieved in childhood and that autonomous sex-role integration occurs during adulthood, well after a secure sense of gender identity is established. To examine developmental sex-role identification, college students rated themselves on a "current" Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and…

A unit is described for teaching audience analysis in a high school expository writing course. The five main sections of the unit are (1) an analysis of audience as part of writing, (2) the writer as a decision maker, (3) testing audience reaction during the composing process, (4) post-communication audience reaction assessment, and (5)…

The relational concepts developed in mathematics and psychology are used in this paper to explicate the needs and responsibilities of dramatic acting and theatre research. A parallel is constructed between the emergence of the mathematical concept of function, the awakening of psychology to the concept of relationship (especially regarding family…