Because most studies investigating psychological profiles of subjects convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) have been conducted at the time of arrest or treatment, it is unclear whether subjects' anxiety, depression, and hostility represent "trait" characteristics central to alcohol abuse or "state"…

The relationship between mood and information processing, particularly when reviewing the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, lacks conclusive evidence. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that information processing would be greater for mood-topic congruence than non mood-topic congruence. Undergraduate students (N=216)…

The paper examines ways to help learning disabled (LD) adolescents adjust to the fact that they have learning disabilities. Underlying assumptions, such as the belief that learning disabilties are lifelong and affect social and psychological aspects, are reviewed. The importance of blending attitude and techniques in working with LD adolescents is…

The emotional impact of televised interpersonal dramas was investigated, with specific emphasis being given to age- and gender-related differences in children's spontaneous nonverbal expressive reactions. Participants were 27 female and 22 male children in three age groups: 4-5, 7-8, and 13-14 years. Facial expressions were unobtrusively…

The first part of this paper discusses presentations by other symposium participants which addressed different facets of the developmental paths involved in understanding one's own emotional states, the emotional states of others, why one feels what one does, and whether or not one shows these feelings expressively to others. It is the premise of…

This study attempted to induce empathy toward a hypothetical individual in an effort to reduce aggressive responses directed toward him. Forty fourth grade volunteer boys from two Michigan public schools were administered the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents to determine pre-existing empathic potential (EP). Subjects were matched for…

The curriculum is designed to provide classroom teachers of elementary emotionally handicapped students with a consistent framework of classroom management techniques and mainstreaming procedures. The curriculum is organized around behavioral improvement at six levels, with responsibilities increasing along with priveleges. Minimum requirements…

Four experiments (E1, E2, E3 and E4) investigated whether or not 5- to 7-month-old infants could detect auditory-visual relationships in audiovisual presentations of affective expressions, thereby perceiving the bimodally-presented expressions as unitary events. In E1, 16 infants were simultaneously shown two 2-minute films of a "happy"…

Although predictive accuracy (cognitive empathy) and emotional empathy may be aspects of the same general ability, few empirical studies have examined the relationships between these dimensions. The relationship between cognitive empathy and emotional empathy was investigated by correlating the Mehrabian and Epstein Emotional Empathy Scale and its…

Elements of a theory relating cognition and affect are outlined. The theory is heavily based upon neuroscience research regarding the hemispheric lateralization of various cognitive processes and emotions; specific examples are provided. Developmental research on intelligence as well as theories of intrinsic motivation, are also discussed.…

The concept of "frame of reference" offers a perspective from which to examine the many factors which affect advertising response. The advertiser is interested in affecting two types of overt behavior. First, the individual is induced to select a particular stimulus (the advertisement) from competing stimuli (such as other people, noise,…

This paper argues that infants' affect patterns are innate and are meaningful indicators of individual differences in internal state. Videotapes of seven infants' faces were coded using an ethogram; the movement of the eyebrow, eye direction, eye openness, mouth shape, mouth position, lip position, and tongue protrusion were assessed…

This panel's goal was to develop the means to improve teachers' ability to perform general and specific skills of teaching within curriculum areas and student development levels. The panel focused on research to improve teacher performance of instructional skills and identified two basic approaches to this research. The first approach dealt with…

Examined was the association between affective and cognitive development in 14 Down's Syndrome infants (4- to 8-months-old). Mothers administered a series of 30 laughter items each month, and experimenters gave the Uzgiris-Hunt scales of cognitive development at 13 and 16 months, and the Bayley scales and Infant Behavior Record at 16 months.…

The problem of the uncooperative experiment arises with the use of human subjects. Evidence shows that typical volunteer subjects have the following characteristics: better education, higher paying jobs, greater need for approval, lower authoritarianism, higher I.Q. score, and better adjustment to personal questions than nonvolunteers. Data also…