In second language instruction, it is important to examine the learner's effort in carrying out classroom activities in order to relate teaching activities to learning theories. Any impact of a teaching activity on the learner's language development must result from what the learner does, not what the teacher does or intends for learner to do. The…

The meanings and roles of democracy and education, and the interaction of the two, are some of the most difficult questions society faces. The definition of democracy varies widely from a political mechanism to an ideal. Past efforts to infuse democracy into schools have generally been of two types. One is requiring a greater role for teachers in…

For those who consider themselves teachers, "cultural literacy" is an issue worth pondering. In "Education for Critical Consciousness," Paulo Freire deplores the "banking concept" of education, in which a teacher "pours" knowledge into "passive receptacles," because Freire believes that texts have…

The goals and nature of liberal education, the status of psychology within liberal arts, and the undergraduate practicum are discussed. A new development in psychology has been the practicum course, which some critics have claimed is a threat to the goals of liberal education. It is claimed that three dimensions are persistent themes in most…

A number of factors have contributed to the inflation of grades in higher education, including: the belief that grades traumatize and dehumanize students; the conviction that academic standards are unfair in light of the equality of each individual; teachers' hesitation to fail high-risk or open enrollment students; the influence of popular…

The first section of this paper addresses the question of whether composition teachers should present heuristic models for students to assimilate or should attempt to elicit directly from students the tacit heuristics they already use. It suggests that creating heuristic models in the classroom has the advantage of teaching cooperative inquiry,…

The verbal behavior of teachers and students in elementary stenography classes is described. Observational data, consisting of the verbal behavior of teachers and students in 30 elementary stenography classes, were categorized and analyzed. From this initial analysis, a basic model of teacher-student behavior was defined. Deviations from the basic…

The Trickle Down Technology Project offered the impetus needed to change the way both K-12 and university educators capitalize on technology in the classroom. The project had three key components: the modeling of technology in the university classroom; online technology workshops; and interactive communication among inservice and preservice…

Qualitative research techniques were used to explore questions of pedagogy and lived student experience in two English secondary schools that have given multicultural education a high priority. The paper focuses on the roles and experiences of students aged 11 to 16, examining their pivotal role in supporting and extending antiracist developments.…

In the new historical and sociocultural context, one of the most outdated foundations of education and social movements is the traditional subject-object perspective of transformative leadership. Three ways to deal with this dilemma of "decentering" the subject are as follows: to maintain traditional convictions and assumptions, to deny the…

A perspective is presented for designing instruction in metacognition, drawing on how human beings acquire metacognitive skills and how these skills are interwoven with other thinking skills. An instructional designer must consider the dynamic and integrative nature of metacognition. Traditionally, learning theories, instructional theories, and…

A conceptual analysis deals with the question of what is meant by the term "teaching." In other words, what are the necessary criteria of teaching? Criterion 1 is that there be someone in authority to fulfill the role of the teacher. Criterion 2 insists that someone fulfill the role of pupil. These patently obvious criteria are not…

A study examined peer group writing evaluation in the classroom. Freshmen in expository writing classes were trained at the beginning of the semester to respond first to the ideas in the essays, and only after giving the writer feedback on this level were they to help the writer with mechanics and syntax. After being divided into groups of four or…

This study sought to determine the perceptions of preservice student teachers, cooperating teachers, and faculty supervisors regarding their roles and responsibilities. A total of 337 students, 38 faculty members, and 169 cooperating teachers responded to a questionnaire which elicited perceptions about role specific practicum activities connected…

The results of a survey dealing with university policies and ethical issues in research and graduate education are presented. The 1988 survey of graduate school deans addressed concerns increasingly voiced within and without universities about academic and professional ethics in the context of faculty and student roles and activities, curriculum,…