This study investigated the use of feedback and encouragement in improving counselor effectiveness. Clients judged their counselors significantly higher than did expert raters. However, a significant correlation occured between the client and rater opinions concerning helpful counselors. Counselors receiving feedback based on client-rater…

The influence of group size and training duration on the development of empathic understanding in beginning counseling procedures students was examined. Nine-five master's level students grouped into four groups representing long and short duration, large and small size, were evaluated on the basis of taped counseling sessions. A team of expert…

The Working Alliance Inventory of Supervisory Relationships (WAI-SR) was designed to evaluate the three factors--an agreement on goals, an assignment of tasks, and the development of a bond--of a working alliance between supervisor and trainee as proposed by Bordin (1983). The items for the WAI-SR were drawn from the Working Alliance Inventory and…

School counselor education programs are being redesigned to equip school counselors-in-training with information and skills to address the needs of a rapidly changing society. This paper presents one school counselor education program's process of dealing with pedagogical and programmatic concerns. A model was designed that emphasized the…

Supervision of psychologists in training continues to be a valued component of teaching skills and professional development and continues to be researched as part of the professional commitment to process and treatment outcomes. Concomitantly, mentoring within training venues and professional peer consultative venues is gaining recognition as an…

This workshop seeks to train persons interested in counseling those who have suffered traumatic loss. The training comes about in part by the participants' introspection into their own past trauma reactions and the coping strategies they used. They also learn from the shared experiences of other participants. The goals of this workshop are to 1)…

Within a therapeutic relationship, there are two levels functioning simultaneously: first is the working level of the client and counselor; and second is the basic human level in which the counselor offers a stance of mutual respect and equality. This paper expands upon the second level by examining its nature and qualities. It posits a basic…

This paper discusses a program designed to assist counseling students to improve cross cultural communication skills that will enable them to use interviewing techniques with individuals from diverse cultures. Research suggests that such a program is needed since many students have not had significant experiences in interacting and communicating…

This pilot study uses college faculty (n=10) and students (n=18) within American Psychological Association-approved department of counseling psychology programs to explore whether training programs are addressing religion as a component of diversity; how students with fundamental religious beliefs interact with members of their training program,…

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the most popular measures of personality available today and has been taken by over 12 million people. The MBTI has been successfully utilized for personal and marriage counseling, conflict and stress management, and understanding learning styles. It is perfect for the social work classroom because…

This paper outlines the purposes, professional obligations, and key components to consider when providing effective evaluation in psychotherapy supervision. An overview of various methods for gathering supervision data for evaluation purposes is provided including self-reporting; process notes; video and audiotaping; live observation; co-therapy;…

This study is designed to document and evaluate how one program is attempting to transform a long established training model to meet current standards for training licensed professional counselors and for continuing program accreditation. A formative, or process, evaluation method has been implemented to evaluate and, simultaneously, to improve…

The education of addiction counselors, once based on tradition, myth and politics, is becoming professionalized, based on competencies, research and best practice. Many factors have contributed to this shift as subspecialties for addiction treatment have emerged in various disciplines. In 1993 the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment created the…

Examination of 21 recently published introductory psychology textbooks indicated that different topics were used in the examples illustrating experimental and correlational approaches to research. There are two problems inherent in this organization and presentation. First, students are exposed to research concepts before having any familiarity…

This paper reviews the literature on the developmental stages of trainees and supervisors and how experience changes each of these groups. The assumption that trainees and supervisors learn and improve as they gain in experience does not explain how psychology trainees and supervisors change. The nature of this change leads to a number of…