Evidence in the professional literature that social support in a person's life can lessen the effects of stressful life events makes knowledge of the dynamics of social support and of the workings of the support groups vital for counselors. Social support has been defined by various authors in various ways. Especially helpful to counselors is…

Structured, homogeneous group employment counseling is a process of group interaction where the functions of the group members are to make decisions, give each other assistance, and group teach. This type of counseling is appropriate for such groups as high school students or displaced homemakers. The concepts of situational leadership can be…

While past research has found conflicting results on the place for client role preferences in psychotherapy, none of this research has examined the client role preferences in an actual client population seeking outpatient therapy. This study involved the development of a measure of client role preferences which attempted to survey a wider range of…

The social learning approach to marital and family therapy is a didactic approach calling for an active and directive therapist and a collaborative client. To examine the variability of therapist and client behaviors within sessions and across the course of treatment, 24 families, in marital and family therapy, participated in the study. Families…

A widespread bias exists among legal, medical, and social service professionals that the appropriate placement for elderly individuals with cognitive impairment (dementia) is a nursing home. Two major reasons for institutionalization are to remove the patient from a potentially harmful situation and to relieve the family of the burden of care.…

This paper discusses strategies for the evaluation of severely handicapped students. The shortcomings of standardized assessment techniques are reviewed, and the appropriateness of normative comparison and the developmental model with this population is discussed. The role of the school psychologist in student assessment is described, and the need…

The paper examines the impact of a visual disorder on the emerging self. Sources of self-esteem are considered in the developmental process. The implications of a competence model in regard to the experiences of visually impaired persons are noted. Problems to be resolved include developing coping skills and adaptive behaviors, maintaining…

This paper recounts the history and relationship of school counselors and school social workers in Wyoming. The establishment of the guidance department at the University of Wyoming and Wyoming's original certification standards for counselors are detailed. The impetus for employing school social workers in Wyoming schools is discussed. The…

Although the role of a child psychologist has been defined in different ways, a typical pediatric psychologist spends a large amount of time with extensive diagnostic testing, because the psychological report is the ultimate product of the assessment procedure. It is important to determine how those receiving the information from the report view…

The professional counselor of the future will be to a large extent a trainer and supervisor of others, including both junior staff and clients themselves. The counselor will serve broadly within the institution as a facilitator and even goader of desirable change. Because institutions (schools, colleges, agencies, prisons, hospitals, old age…

Prefaced with citations of the enactment of student rights, this paper outlines the results of a questionnaire dealing with client rights and responsibilities. The right mentioned by the majority of respondents is confidentiality. A Bill of Client Rights and Responsibilities is derived from the survey and presented in three categories: (1)…

A healthy advising program serves as a useful vehicle for faculty development. An institution may use the program to develop faculty skills useful in other contexts than the individual student's welfare. Advising programs should endeavor to improve students, faculty, and the institution. (MSE)

Psychosynthesis provides a coherent theory for framing the self assessment and career exploration process. It helps clients understand their conflicting needs and assists them in clarifying and responding to their inner callings. This paper presents an overview of the aspects of Psychosynthesis theory and practice found to be most relevant when…

Counseling centers from 87 four-year colleges and universities completed the College Counseling Center Role and Function Survey (CCRF). This survey is designed to measure agreement and disagreement, and rank 14 functions of a university counseling center in order of importance. Participants were asked to identify their top five responsibilities.…

School counselors' roles can be described along a continuum from reactive to proactive. Whereas reactive services respond to crises, provide counseling, and provide other interventions, proactive services include programs provided with the intent to prevent problems before they occur. As increasing demands are placed on students, and as academic…