To help relate management ideas and knowledge to educational administration, the author reviews the major theories and findings from the last 20 years on managerial leadership and discusses their relevance for school principals. He first summarizes findings from three approaches: the traits approach, emphasizing managerial motivation and skills;…

This paper examines the usage of testing instruments to identify the language and dialect dominance of children. In order not to misuse language assessment tests, a careful distinction must be made between the terms "language proficiency,""language preference," and "relative language proficiency." Differences in the several types of language…

As part of New Zealand's Teacher Career and Promotion Study, a questionnaire was completed by 1,829 elementary and secondary school teachers. Four areas affecting women's representation in senior teaching positions are examined: length of service, family constraints, promotion experience, and career aspiration. More men than women had completed…

Two questions were addressed in this study: (1) Is learner cognitive attainment stable across different instructional units taught by a student teacher? and (2) Do the pupils of student teachers who are education majors attain more cognitive performance objectives than the pupils of student teachers who are not education majors? Secondary level…

Information about personal background; professional activities; job-related attitudes, satisfactions, and dissatisfactions; and career appraisal was gathered by means of a questionnaire administered to a 25 percent random sample, stratified by rank, of full-time faculty in Minnesota's accredited, nontheological colleges and universities. Results…

The question of evaluating effective teaching in light of the fact that teaching is still the principal function of the university is addressed. Most faculty receive very little specific training in teaching, even though the skills involved are complex and sophisticated. There is a dual responsibility for evaluation of teaching by faculty and…

The concern with licensure and certification is responsive to the profession's need to insure that individuals entering into the practice of psychology are well grounded in the core body of knowledge appropriate to such practice. Current trends toward exclusivity in licensure and certification, however, will have a disproportionately adverse…

Several problems result from irresponsible claims of accreditation by non-traditional schools of education and the laxity with which some states license teachers. A model that features accreditation, licensing, and performance evaluation could create a triangle of checks and balances that would help to solve many of these problems. A national…

The New York State Council for Social Studies committee developed a rationale and set of specific criteria that social studies teachers should demonstrate for certification. The rationale behind the criteria is that it makes social studies teachers a more professional group and provides for the highest caliber of teacher. Each teacher is screened…

Title VII and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines on discrimination in employment are not always the basis for court decisions in individual cases where intent to discriminate is challenged. A number of employment discrimination cases over the last decade have invalidated employee selection practices of local school boards…

This discussion of educational decision making for the use of new information and communication technologies in elementary education focuses on the increase in home computers. Political and economic influences on German education are reviewed, as well as considerations relating to teacher qualifications and the teaching-learning interaction.…

To understand the realities and complexities faced by beginning primary school principals, a group of researchers from Belgium, Canada, England, the Netherlands, and the United States launched a collaborative study in 2000. This report describes the Belgium arm of the study. The study set out to answer the following: What are similarities and…

Rural school districts where ethnocentrism, traditionalism, primary group preference, and social conservatism form the dominant value system could be contributing to their own ineffectiveness through their patterns of personnel selection. This study investigated the influence of rural values on components of personnel selection and the tacit…

This study examined the provision of early childhood care and education (ECCE) in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the educational environment and demographic factors within ECCE. A representative national sample of 2,370 children, 175 teachers, and 883 parents from 79 public and private centers across the country completed questionnaires or…

This study examined principal internship portfolios required by two universities for principal interns, focusing on principal interns' activity participation. At each institution, principal interns undertook at least one semester-long internship experience which required collaborative work with various education stakeholders. The internship was…