Planning for the higher education system in the past involved designing, implementing, and evaluating a set of envisaged policies, strategies and operational actions for the medium and long-run. In Brazil, however, this sort of planning was virtually abandoned and replaced by short-term planning, partly as a result of the interplay of political…

As part of a larger study of the European Community (EC) initiatives and their effect on higher education policies and policy-making in all member countries, this case study examines EC impact on higher education in Ireland. Ireland was chosen as a possible example of how EC will impact higher education as it is one of four countries expected to…

Certain characteristics of information make it a crucial resource in today's world. Unlike material resources such as coal and steel, information is expandable, easily transportable, diffusive, and shareable. Because of these properties of information, the new "information age" has already begun to challenge some of mankind's most comfortable…

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, a national catastrophe and the major news story of the year, was the first national labor strike in U.S. history. Because of the ideological bias of the press, specifically its implicit commitment to capitalism and to objectivity (itself a "myth" of social order), newspapers of the period could be…

Although the development of Kiswahili in Tanzania has had a number of stumbling blocks, it is slowly developing into a language of modern technology. Individual institutions have contributed greatly to its spread and promotion. More books are now published in Kiswahili than ever before, and scientific and technical terminology has been developed.…

Costa Rican education, although fairly successful compared to other Third World or Latin American countries, has serious problems needing action, including (1) large discrepancies between educational ideals and the realities of urban privilege, with regard to access and quality, and (2) a rote, narrow, superficial, impractical education. Other…

Because men hold most of the high status, decision-making positions in American society, they have greater access to and control of property, power, and prestige. Women, conversely, are accorded low status because they fulfill the lower prestige roles of childbearing and childrearing. Although some city and county government positions are filled…

Canadian educators, researchers, and politicians gathered for a two-day conference in 1977 on the question of how educational research affects the formation of educational policy. The sixteen speakers analyzed the basic question from the points of view of the provincial politician, the school board chairman, the administrator, and the researcher,…

Perspectives on reform in theological education are considered. It is suggested that the lack of coherence in theological education is primarily due to the conflict between certain sociopolitical realities that place antithetical demands on faculty and administrators of theological schools. Conflict between the academic study of religious…

Major issues concerning the negotiation of a collective bargaining contract on February 1, 1981, at the National Autonomous Associations of Academic Personnel of the University (AAPAUNAM), the first legally authorized bargaining agent of the faculty. The contract was negotiated under terms of the recently enacted amendments to the federal…

This paper describes and evaluates a political skills course for college students. Course objectives include teaching students to do the following: organize and run a meeting; bargain effectively; communicate within and between groups; manage a crisis; organize a political coalition; be aware of personal stress and some of the ways to reduce it;…

Health science (epidemiology) is a relatively advanced discipline which offers theories and methods which could be useful in peace science (polemology). Similarities between war and disease, peace and health, center around concern with prevention of physical damage and death on the one hand and preservation and extension of human life on the…

Ways in which the shape and design of curriculum and the direction of curriculum research are influenced by sociopolitical forces are examined. Intended as a means of raising the level of professional consciousness and giving practical guidance to curriculum developers, the paper discusses the relationship of prejudice, bias, and self-reference to…

The government of Quebec looks to the province's French-language universities for several contributions in strengthening the position of the French Canadian language and culture in Quebec. The enrollments in these universities have increased in the past fifteen years, and French-language universities are expected to educate and train increasing…

Theories and data are examined concerning the rapid spread of the public school system across the United States during the nineteenth century. In the first part of the report the authors review and criticize current interpretations of the development of public education. According to these theories public schooling arose from the class conflicts…