Retirement is recognized as a family experience, affecting retirees, their spouses, and their children. This study examined how the retirement transition affects the middle class, healthy, and financially secure male retiree and his wife. In-depth interviews were conducted with 92 couples from the Boston area in which the husband had been retired…

Leadership in higher education is considered from the perspective of its symbolic dimensions. Results of a study of presidential perceptions of leadership are also examined in order to uncover the symbolic forms that leaders use to accomplish their goals. Organizational symbolism and interpretations of leadership are considered. Topics include:…

The extent to which college presidents incorporate single or multiple vantage points in evaluating good leadership was studied, based on Bolman and Deal's framework as adapted by Birnbaum. They suggest that leaders implicitly use different cognitive "frames" to define their role and understand organizational behavior. A frame helps the…

Most research on teacher education has taken a functionist approach to socialization, emphasizing the importance of moulding individuals to the norms of the profession. Weaknesses have been noted in this approach, and recommendations have been made which call for a theoretical and empirical reorientation to the study of teacher socialization which…

This paper presents a classification and critique of evaluator roles, and discusses the power relationships in which the evaluator engages and the power and influence strategies available to the evaluator within each type of role. The paper describes an evaluator role continuum, from "evaluator as technician" to "evaluator as change agent." At one…

In an experimental study, subjects (practicing and preservice teachers) had to take the role of either a pupil or a teacher in viewing a new student. They inspected for thirty seconds a list of sixteen adjectives used to describe students, half belonging to a teacher's implicit personality theory of pupils, and half belonging to a (hypothetical)…

An investigation of the functions performed by talk radio programs involved in-depth interviews with 184 call-in listeners to one such program over a seven-day period. During the interviews, the callers listened to tape recordings of their conversations with the program host to help them focus on the motivation that prompted their calls, the…

Some aspects of organizational theory often ignored by the evaluation literature are examined. The evaluator must utilize a knowledge of organizations to examine his/her position as an evaluator, and implement that role definition. There are dangers in defining the evaluator's role as that of technician; it is more beneficial for the evaluator to…

The roles of school psychologists and special educators are examined, and an educational process model is offered to determine shared goals and unique services. The school psychologist's affiliation with the field of psychology is stressed. (CL)

Successful integration of hearing impaired students on the secondary level requires that the resource teacher provide supportive help to the students and the classroom teacher. Functions of the resource teacher include acting as an academic tutor to students already equipped with basic academic skills, pre-teaching courses to students lacking…

This study grew out of interest in how occupational role stress, moderated by personality, affects health--particularly in the area of coronary heart disease. People in organizations are now asking how occupational role demands and technological developments affect employee health. This study examined the effects of an impending shutdown of the…

A competence paradigm may provide communication scholars with a theoretical framework for the study of interpersonal communication. The study of ritualistic behavior is a study of competence in its most basic form. Turn-taking in conversations--an example of ritualistic behavior--not only helps us apportion the floor, but also serves a symbolic…

Because the role of university supervisor of student teachers differs from that of the typical on-campus instructor, the evaluation of university supervisors for tenure and promotion is often difficult. One criteria for tenure and promotion universally accepted in academe is that of teaching expertise. The authors designed an evaluation form that…

Proposes a systematic approach to the analysis of states of the union speeches, based on Goffman's concept "footing." This concept allows making a distinction between several functional aspects of the roles speakers and listeners perform in speech situations, as exemplified in the case of the Dutch Queen addressing the Israeli…

Survival analysis computes functions for occurrence or non-occurrence of an event over a time period for a particular group of subjects. This study compared survival analyses to traditional ANOVAs and Chi-square analyses on a data set of imitation scores of 18-month-old toddlers. The 48 subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental…