This paper discusses how the inevitable upheavals caused by economic difficulties surrounding declining enrollments can be lessened by dealing with the subject in the collective bargaining arena. Through joint participation in the negotiations process, school administrators and teachers can reduce tensions associated with the right of an employer…

The recent history and an interpretation of legislation promoting sex equality in education--principally Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972--are presented. Examples of men and women, as a group, treated differently are cited in the areas of administrative positions, vocational education programs, physical education, and high school…

Chief state school officers and state education departments are probably in the best position to make the spirit of Title IX a reality by aggressively implementing the federal law as well as the laws and policies of their legislatures and state boards. An Equal Rights for Women in Education Project of the Education Commission of the States survey…

A program by the British Staff Development in Universities attempts to lessen the evident discrimination against women (both in their roles as students and staff) in British education. In an attempt to understand sex discrimination and the forms that it takes, six papers discuss: (1) the place of women in the changing pattern of further education;…

Scant research is available on the environmental constraints in the educational setting that inhibit women from obtaining high-level administrative positions, or on potentially effective change strategies. As part of a symposium defining research needs, this paper presents baseline data on the black woman administrator and analyzes the…

This paper investigates factors influencing the emergence of a new ethnic identity for Asian Americans, replete with academic achievement and professional success. While Asian Americans were once considered "unassimilable heathens," they have been transformed from "cruel, enemy aliens" to "industrious, quiet, law-abiding…

This study is an attempt to bring together research examining diversity initiatives in curriculum and co-curriculum with research on race-based policies, specifically the policy of affirmative action in college admissions. The study attempted to identify and confirm unique background characteristics, beliefs, and predispositions that students…

The author of "Choosing a College" (Harper & Row, 1989) discusses the difference between teachers and researchers, matching schools with students, and the failure of reforms to improve the quality of teaching in institutions of higher learning. Attributes the recent renewal of overt campus racism to misguided preferential quota programs. (FMW)

Perceives the key challenge facing community colleges in the 1990s to be the development of leadership that represents the diversity of the colleges' students and local constituents. Considers the components of a plan for changing institutional values, climate, and learning environment. (DMM)

This paper describes progress made between 1973 and 1993 toward creating gender equity in education, with a focus on the Oregon experience. Four topics are addressed: (1) law and policy; (2) language; (3) the culture of school; and (4) school administration. Law and policy are needed at least to change behaviors, though they may not be sufficient…

A premise of this paper is that in his book "The Truly Disadvantaged" (1987), William Julius Wilson fails to recognize the effect of covert racism on the plight of the African American underclass. Wilson asserts that historical racism has contributed to the present predicament of the underclass, who have been abandoned in the ghettos by…

The Assistant Attorney-General for Civil Rights argues that preferential treatment to individuals based on their race cannot be justified under the law. Reynolds reviews the drafting of the Constitution and notes that the Constitution wronged blacks when it accorded them a fractional status of free persons. The doctrine of…

The kinds of affirmative action programs that are likely to be successful within postsecondary education are identified. Affirmative action is designed to increase minority access, survival, and upward mobility within the institution. The following arguments are proposed: (1) ethical and legal strategies are insufficient to accomplish the aim of…

Presidents and top-level administrators often need to hear more than the obvious reasons to maintain a commitment to retention programs, equal access, and equal opportunity. The most potent arguments center on appeals based on the costs of not having a well-managed program of equal educational opportunity, (e.g., litigation costs, tarnished image,…

From November 15-17, 1974, the National Institute of Education held an invitational conference to examine the implication of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for state and local education agencies, review the use of affirmative action as a tool for achieving sexual and racial equality and its…