Business firms are an integral part of the age stratification structure of society. Although the age structures of people and roles within the organization are dynamic, these structures yield a fairly stable strata in which norms exist to suggest the various roles expected of certain persons. Those in roles with greater financial rewards, power,…

As preventative and remediative activities in the human services are impacted by reduced funding, the worth of such activities is increasingly questioned. A metropolitan school district School Social Work Department recently initiated an evaluability assessment to focus on an extensive process in which social work staff and school administrators…

This paper describes a part of the LONG-project in Sweden, a study of the long-term ideological effects of higher education on students' notions of their surrounding world. Extending from 1978 to 1982, the main study of the LONG-project involved followup studies on 100 students representing four professional study programs: business administration…

Since women compose nearly half the labor market and are expected to continue to be a major component, the variables which affect women's career choices are of considerable interest. The effect of role models on attitudes related to career aspirations was examined for female college freshmen. Experimental subjects (N=75) were provided with role…

Superintendents and principals from 50 Pennsylvania school districts were asked to complete two questionnaires each to test, first, the relationships between superintendents' and principals' role conflict and ambiguity and, second, the relationship between superintendents' role conflict and ambiguity and their perceptions of their districts'…

Information processing, beliefs, and motivations can be coupled with the principle of causal attributions to provide a framework for assessing the causes to which individuals attribute their own behavior. For example, an elderly man who forgets to buy something at the store presents himself with an identity based on cultural stereotypes--in this…

Group activities are outlined for a course for preservice and inservice teachers who wish to improve their skills in eliminating sex bias from their classroom and teaching practices. Program materials were developed around a three-phase training model. The first phase focused on increasing awareness of the pervasiveness of stereotyping in society.…

A conceptual model is presented to examine the hypothesis that androgyny is advantageous to the psychological well-being of both females and males in American society. A format for the multi-dimensional assessment of both sex-role components and indices of well-being is proposed, and possibilities for exploring the interface between these sets of…

The assumption that one person is trying to change another often makes the encounters between staff developers and teachers tenuous and delicate. The coordination and negotiation over role and status is seen in two different interactions. In the first encounter, between a staff developer and two teachers, the staff developer was the problem…

Elementary and secondary school student teachers were tested before, during, and after their teaching experiences to determine if there were changes in their concerns about teaching. Three categories of concerns, each with eight items, were ranked: methods concerns, pertaining to instructional skills and content knowledge; cultural concerns,…

Because relationships with family and friends may cause stress for women, the effects of interactions with family, friends, and community on women's adaption to the experiences of aging are important. Interviews were conducted with 75 women between the ages of 44 and 77 who were educated, relieved of child-rearing responsibilities, and relatively…

The development of nursing and nursing education in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is described. Professionalization accompanied by feminization in nursing, as in teaching, librarianship, and social work, opened opportunities to middle class women for respectable employment and sometimes prestige and…

The purpose of the study reported in this speech was to ascertain whether perceived barriers to entering nontraditional occupations as measured by a barriers-to-entry survey could be employed to accurately discriminate among women's consideration of a nontraditional occupation. Using a stratified random sample of 500 women (51% response) living in…

After defining professionalism and examining the researched disparities between men and women, the patriarchal model of professionalism is considered. The way that women have fared within the patriarchal model and four aspects of the model that would appear to benefit from feminization are discussed. The accepted sociological definition of…

Comparative data on the perceptions of objectives and the performance of schools in meeting these objectives among the various status groups involved in secondary education that extends previous research efforts by offering a combined measure of dissatisfaction is reported in this paper. The proposed measure of satisfaction with the school system…