The purpose of this study was to generate a theory of role personalization grounded in data obtained from beginning secondary teachers. Role personalization is defined as the way beginning teachers adapt the teacher role to meet their own needs, while at the same time being socialized into the role demanded by others. Ten beginning secondary…

The suggestion is made that the flood of middle-aged women who have recently turned away from traditional approaches to achievement may have shifted their orientation to changing options, but have always had a great desire to achieve. The effect of the changing values of the women's movement is discussed, and a grid of achievement motivation…

Student self-expectations are believed to exert a powerful influence on performance. Student perceptions and social comparisons during transfer students' (N=1362) first semester in a large state university were examined to determine variables that might be related to the formation of student performance expectations. Subjects completed…

Schools, colleges, and departments of education (SCDE's) can respond to changes in enrollment patterns by reassessing their goals, and by focusing on the needs of educators to function in new and diverse situations. Many SCDE's provide courses or services that are helpful to nonschool educators, who have been described as educational services…

Dependence is a salient quality in both sexes, although it has been culturally more acceptable for women than for men to acknowledge and accept dependency. The conflict men experience with regard to dependency and the manifestations of such conflict in dependent adult behaviors were examined. Subjects were divided into a "most…

Perceptions of power identified with upper level, noninstructional staff (professional staff) in a complex university were studied based on interviews with professional staff, their superordinates and subordinates, and faculty. Professional staff offices included the upper echelon of the nonacademic staff hierarchy holding such titles as assistant…

Students have different reference groups at their disposal in the school environment; however, the class to which they are assigned is the dominant social context for daily experiences. Thus, evaluations by teachers and peers which are concerned with achievement distribution occur in this limited reference group. In an investigation of the…

The paper presents results of a needs assessment survey, involving 112 public school personnel, conducted to facilitate staff development programs aimed at furthering the integration of the roles of general and special education administrators. It is explained that the survey instrument, the Task-Role-Involvement Inventory, had two purposes--to…

Various studies have been conducted to inductively locate the aspects of occupation in one generation which are transmitted to the next generation as found in corresponding aspects of their labor force aspirations and entry levels. This study restricted attention to intergenerational covariation in components of roles rather than to the structural…

Role theory predicts that when expectations are disconfirmed, the perception of persons who do not conform to the stereotypes may be distorted. To investigate the evaluation of sex-typed behavior in males and females, male and female college students (N=120) read about one of four persons described as either a man or woman in either a masculine or…

The story of successful crisis management teaches some lessons applicable not only to surmounting crises but to everyday management decisions as well. On Christmas eve, 1974, a cyclone demolished 90 percent of the city of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. As thousands gathered in neighborhood schools, a team of educational administrators…

A major problem in teacher education is the maintenance of beginning teachers' idealism in the face of practicing professionals' pragmatism. Teacher education programs train students in theories, concepts, and practices only to assign them to public schools, where the antithesis of everything the program attempted to teach is an accepted,…

Many studies report severe role overload problems for spouses and particularly for the wives in dual-career families; whether this overload is perceived by subjects themselves or by the researchers is not always clear. To clarify the overwork issue, the perceptions of university faculty women (N=151) regarding their career and domestic work loads…

The development of a course on the counseling of women is presented with a list of core topics, the bases for counseling women. The course topics include psychological and sociological factors, developmental theory, sex-role learning, perception of the female role, bias in counseling and testing, career choice, psychopathology, group counseling,…

The paper suggests that culturally determined patterns of perception should be related to Fritz Heider's attribution theory in order to understand differences of perception in male-female interaction. The first section explains Heider's theory as a complex process in which past experiences with the person or act may influence perceptions. For…