Based principally on data collected for a broader 11-city study of civic capacity in urban education, this report provides an account of the durability of judicially supervised consent decrees in the school reform arena and explains why judicial intervention may be sought and sustained in the 1990s, often in the absence of evidence that schools…

Despite years of litigation the desegregation of United States public schools remains unfinished. Even after court-ordered desegregation, a school district may remain segregated through various practices such as ability grouping and selective discipline of minority children. These second generation discrimination or resegregation practices have an…

This paper presents a broad discussion of the historical, political, and philosophical aspects of school integration as embodied in the Brown decision of 1954. Segregated education is damaging to both whites and blacks. Thus, the Brown decision was beneficial for the majority group as well as for minorities. Historically, in fact, free public…

This research examined viewer reaction to the television program "The Jeffersons" in order to study differences between racial groups in exposure to the program, its perceived entertainment value, and the degree to which the characters portrayed reveal "real" behavior. Viewer reaction to the racially integrated married couple…

Uncovering the effects of school racial composition on academic achievement is difficult, because racial mixing in the schools represents a complex mixture of government and family choices. While the goals of school integration legally inspired by Brown v. Board of Education are very broad, this paper focuses on the contribution of school racial…

This report provides an overview of the struggle to desegregate schools in the United States. It describes the two phases of desegregation, focusing on court decisions that influenced desegregation and how these decisions changed the composition of the schools. It opens with the 1849 decision that asserted that desegregation was for the good of…

Educators who are interested in perpetuating black colleges because they are valuable institutions must deal with the nation as it is and educate an increasing number of white scholars who need the types of education black colleges provide. Black colleges can maintain their prevailing cultural ethos while racially integrating whites. (SLD)

This essay contends that the goals of the Civil Rights movement, desegregation and integration of schools and public facilities, were misplaced, and that what blacks needed then, and need today, was equalization of resources and facilities, and equal representation on boards of education. Continued efforts at reliance of those outside the black…

The Supreme Court's landmark Brown decision changed the total pattern of race relations in the United States and helped to solidify the foundations of American democracy for the benefit of all Americans. Ironically, although the specific issue which resulted in the Brown decision was concerned with the constitutionality of racially segregated…

Racial harmony and academic excellence are two important missions for contemporary Canadian education, and teachers and administrators must be able to promote a sense of belonging and community for its many minority groups as well as to provide all Canadians with an opportunity to share and enjoy the nation's rich cultural heritage. Education is…

The underlying reason for the failure of United States schools to provide equal educational opportunity to black children can be found in the Brown v Board of Education decision, which was unwanted and written from the perspective that blacks are an inferior group. This discriminatory basis has caused resistance to school desegregation…

This paper explores the creation, organizational stages, intervention activities, and outcomes of the School Improvement Resource Team (SIRT) in the Buffalo Public Schools (New York) from 1977 to 1980. Intended primarily to defuse tensions during implementation of court ordered desegregation, the SIRT effort serves as an apparently successful…

This paper presents arguments for a worldwide perspective on contemporary education, and underlines the cultural necessity of widening directions of studies in comparative education. The paper is divided into seven parts, including: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Multiculturalism and Antiracism as Pedagogical Necessity"; (3)…

The theoretical premises and social science research used to justify integration as a strategy for the improvement of the quality of education of black children are examined in this paper. Literature focusing on the results of integration/desegregation is also reviewed. It is concluded that many of the theoretical premises used to justify the…

Views concerning the influence of the 1954 Supreme Court decision in "Brown versus the Board of Education" which ended school segregation are discussed. Historian Raymond Wolters believes that while segregation was wrong and the Supreme Court's unanimous decision reversing the "separate but equal" interpretation was right, the…