Research on economic and employment opportunities for men and women has not focused enough on structural features of the labor market. Structural features, which influence worker's capacities to translate their human resources into labor market achievements, include profitability of industries, strength of worker organizations, skill requirements,…

The meaning, operation, and impact of institutional racism in higher education are examined with attention to both past and present conditions. Institutional racism is examined with reference to several specific issues: barriers to the entry of blacks, as both students and staff, into American higher education; curriculum and academic programs;…

Unequal treatment, unequal value and unequal power are three aspects of the gender balance argument in public relations. The few models describing how public relations is practiced do not distinguish the component parts on the basis of gender. Such models do not consider the men and women in the intra-institutional processes as processors of…

In conjunction with a research project of the International Labor Office's Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 184 Japanese women with disabilities were surveyed. The survey gathered data concerning the women's education, occupations, income sources, interests, and occupational hardships and frustrations. The major strategies suggested by…

This paper discusses the need for American Indians in the medical profession and urges Native American students to apply to medical school. In the United States 45% of the Indian population is less than 20 years old, compared to 32% of total population. Focusing attention on the health of Indian youth is important. The death rate for Indians is…

Sexual harassment under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, as it applies to males or females in business situations. Harassment is discriminatory when females must act differently than males in order to…

The ratio of journalism students choosing advertising to those choosing a news-editorial emphasis has risen dramatically in the 1980s. To determine whether students are rejecting the news-editorial curriculum based on their beliefs that occupations in this field offer low salaries, poor working conditions, and less creative opportunity than…

Focusing on the increasing attention of communication scholars to the production of conversation, this paper outlines three broad perspectives on discourse analysis: (1) codification, which involves discrete categorizing of discourse and includes work in speech act theory, traditional interaction analysis, and message strategies; (2) coordination,…

In their roles as writers, editors, and photographers for community newspapers, women helped to record the economic, social, and political fluctuations that comprise the past. In villages and towns, however, the boundaries of and limits on acceptable female activity were as strong as they were in the cities. Women in community newspapers may have…

A study examined the status of women in the creative departments of advertising agencies. In November 1987, questionnaires were sent to the creative directors of the 196 member agencies of the Adcraft Club of Detroit (the largest advertising club in the nation). Sixty-four questionnaires were returned. Answers and comments from the directors…

Although sex stereotypes have often been cited as barriers to women's entry into and advancement within management, few sex differences have actually been found on many important employment-related variables. To examine the extent to which sex stereotypes serve as barriers to women in management, 115 female and 110 male managers used the…

The social and psychological effects of rapid technological advancement in the computer industry is the subject of this paper, which focuses on the concerns of people with non-technical backgrounds. It describes the career series, High Tech for Non-Technical People, created by the Georgia State University Career Development Center. The three…

The metropolitan Miami area is a thriving bilingual community that uniquely exemplifies the utility of Spanish for business careers. Miami is unique in its large Latin population, the success of this population, and the proximity of Miami to the Caribbean and Latin American markets. The impact of the Latin population of Miami on education and…

A study was conducted to examine relationships between communication apprehension (CA) levels and the sending of messages within an organization. It was expected that high CA would be more prevalent among support personnel than among managers or professionals, and that high CAs would report less communication participation and satisfaction. It was…

This review of the research into the agenda-setting function of mass communications posits a structure of the agenda-setting process in order to (1) organize the existing research literature in a coherent fashion and (2) identify the gaps in our existing knowledge of the agenda-setting function of the press. Major sections of the paper discuss the…